MT4 - Necrobacillosis and panaritium of ruminants (W)

Question 1

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum causes necrobacillosis

Answer 1

T

• F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum: more virulent
• F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

Question 2

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum can help the agent of foot rot in causing
disease

Answer 2

T

diseases:
* necrobacillosis
* calf diphtheria
* liver „abscesses”
* mastitis
* gingivitis, metritis, peritonitis (dog, cat)
* facilitates foot rot (synergistic effect)

Question 3

Aerosol infection is a common form of transmission of the agent of necrobacillosis

Answer 3

F

• wounds on mucous membranes (oral cavity, genitals)
• wounds on the skin
• navel infection
• rumen parakeratosis

Question 4

Necrobacillosis is mainly seen in young animals

Answer 4

T

lambs, calves, rabbit

Question 5

Rumen parakeratosis can predispose to necrobacillosis

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Insufficient disinfection of the navel can predispose to necrobacillosis

Answer 6

T

• wound
• neglected disinfection of navel
• change teeth

Question 7

Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of necrobacillosis

Answer 7

F

• necrosis (oral cavity)
• fever, oedema, pain
• salivation, smell
• painful chewing, swallowing

Question 8

Laryngeal erosion serves as place of entry for the agent of calf diphtheria

Answer 8

T

• virus
• cough
• laryngeal erosion

Question 9

calf diphtheria is caused by Dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 9

F

F. necrophorum

Question 10

Calf diphtheria is caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Respiratory diseases can predispose to calf diphtheria

Answer 11

T

Question 12

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme is the agent Necrobacillosis in lambs

Answer 12

T

• F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum: more virulent
• F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

Question 13

Necrobacillosis can occur as a consequence of navel infection in lambs

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Pulmonary necrosis is a frequent lesion of necrobacillosis of lambs

Answer 14

F

Question 15

Liver necrosis is a frequent lesion of necrobacillosis of lambs

Answer 15

T

necrosis in the liver in the case of:
- naval infection
- rumen parakeratosis

Question 16

Fusobacterium funduliforme is the causative agent of Necrobacillosis

Answer 16

F

Fusobacterium necrophorum is the causative agent of Necrobacillosis

Question 17

Necrosis of the mucous membranes in the oral cavity is a clinical sign of Necrobacillosis

Answer 17

T

• necrosis (oral cavity),
• fever, oedema, pain
• salivation, smell
• painful chewing, swallowing

Question 18

Focal necrosis in the kidney is a frequent post mortem lesion of Necrobacillosis

Answer 18

F

necrosis:
- oral cavity, lips
- local oedema

Question 19

Necrobacillosis is prevented with wide vaccination

Answer 19

F

• disinfection of the navel
• prevention of predisposing factors

Question 20

Wounds can predispose to Necrobacillosis

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Navel infection can occur in the case of Necrobacillosis

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Lesions of Necrobacillosis can be seen frequently in the oral cavity

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Rough, sticky feed can predispose to Necrobacillosis

Answer 23

T

Question 24

Necrosis in the liver can be a post mortem lesion of Necrobacillosis

Answer 24

T

necrosis in the liver in the case of:
- naval infection
- rumen parakeratosis

Question 25

Necrobacillosis can only be seen in lamb

Answer 25

F | lambs, calves, rabbits

Question 26

In the case of Necrobacillosis infection can happen through wounds

Answer 26

T | through wound or neglected disinfection of the navel, change of teeth

Question 27

In the case of Necrobacillosis, aerogenic infection is common

Answer 27

F | wounds, navel infection, rumen parakeratosis

Question 28

Lesions of Necrobacillosis are frequently found in or around the oral cavity

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Fusobacteria are highly resistant, they remain viable in the environment for several weeks

Answer 29

F

Question 30

Wounds and abrasions can predispose to Necrobacillosis.

Answer 30

T

Question 31

Incorrect disinfection of the naval area can lead to Necrobacillosis

Answer 31

T

Question 32

Wounds on the oral mucosa can predispose animals to Necrobacillosis.

Answer 32

T

Question 33

The clinical signs of Necrobacillosis can frequently be seen in young animals

Answer 33

T | lambs, calves, rabbits

Question 34

Necrobacillosis is a generalized disease with high fever and depression

Answer 34

F - fever, oedema, pain - salvation, smell - necrosis (oral cavity) - painful schewing, swallowing

Question 35

Vaccines containing attenuated agents are widely used to prevent Necrobacillosis.

Answer 35

F | no vaccine, disinfection of navel , prevention of predisposing factors

Question 36

Necrobacillosis is caused by Dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 36

F - F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum: more virulent - F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

Question 37

Footrot is the main sign of Necrobacillosis.

Answer 37

T? F. necrophorum causes footrot

Question 38

The lesions in Necrobacillosis are restricted to the mouth

Answer 38

F

Question 39

Necrobacillosis occurs mainly in young animals

Answer 39

T | lambs, calves, rabbit

Question 40

There is no treatment for Necrobacillosis

Answer 40

F - surgery - disinfection - antibiotics

Question 41

Umbilical disinfection has an important role in the prevention of Necrobacillosis.

Answer 41

T

Question 42

Necrobacillosis in lambs can be seen as a result of an umbilical infection

Answer 42

T

Question 43

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum strains can cause Necrobacillosis of calves

Answer 43

T

Question 44

You can find necrosis in the mouth in case of Necrobacillosis in lamb

Answer 44

T

Question 45

You can find liver abscesses in case of Necrobacillosis

Answer 45

F

Question 46

Foot rot is more severe in cattle than in sheep

Answer 46

F

Question 47

The hoof can be detached in the case of foot rot

Answer 47

T | leg: hoof detached, foul smell, necrosis

Question 48

Virulent foot rot can be treated with antibiotics

Answer 48

T virulent foot rot: - local treatment: surgery + antibiotic ointment - parenteral: penicillin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin

Question 49

Foot rot occurs only in sheep

Answer 49

F sheep, goats, cattle, and occasionally other hoofed animals

Question 50

The agent of foot rot can produce proteases; they are virulence factors

Answer 50

T virulence factors: - proteases - haemolysin (leukotoxin)

Question 51

the causative agent of foot rot is dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 51

T

Question 52

the main virulence factors of dichelobacter nodosus are toxins

Answer 52

F virulence factors: - fimbria - proteases, keratinase

Question 53

the warm and wet environment can predispose to foot rot

Answer 53

T

Question 54

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Necrophorum can help the agent of foot rot in causing disease

Answer 54

T? synergetic bacteria: - F. necrophorum - P. melaninogenica - Spirochaetes, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

Question 55

Keratinsase production is a virulence factor of the agent of Foot Rot

Answer 55

T virulence factors: * fimbria * proteases, keratinase

Question 56

Foot Rot cannot be prevented by vaccination

Answer 56

F Vaccine: 3 months long protection

Question 57

Production of keratinase is a virulence factor of Dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 57

T

Question 58

Morbidity of foot rot is very low, 1-5%.

Answer 58

F | morbidity ~100%

Question 59

Foot bath in zinc sulphate can be used for the treatment of foot rot

Answer 59

T benign foot rot: foot bath - formalin - sterogenol - zink sulphate - copper sulphate

Question 60

Dichelobacter nodosus causes foot rot in sheep

Answer 60

T | ruminants

Question 61

Dichelobacter nodosus is helped by other bacteria in the pathogenesis of foot rot

Answer 61

T

Question 62

Foot rot cannot be prevented with vaccination

Answer 62

F

Question 63

Dichelobacter nodosus can produce keratinase

Answer 63

T virulence factors: - fimbria - proteases, keratinase

Question 64

Foot rot has more severe clinical signs in goats than sheep

Answer 64

F

Question 65

Exotoxins of the causative agent are responsible for the lesions of foot rot

Answer 65

F

Question 66

Extracellular enzymes of the causative agent are responsible for the lesions of foot rot

Answer 66

T Extracellular enzymes produced by the causative agents, such as Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus, play a crucial role in causing the lesions associated with foot rot.

Question 67

Footbath with formalin can be used for prevention or for treatment of milder cases of foot rot

Answer 67

T benign foot rot: foot bath - formalin - sterogenol - zink sulphate - copper sulphate

Question 68

Toxins are the main virulence factors of Dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 68

F virulence factors: - fimbria - proteases, keratinase

Question 69

Warm and wet climate predispose animals to foot rot

Answer 69

T

Question 70

The hoof wall can be detached in the case of foot rot

Answer 70

T - interdigital dermatitis - pain = lameness - lags behind the flock - leg: hoof detached, foul smell, necrosis

Question 71

Animals with softened hoof wall are more susceptible for panaritium (foot rot).

Answer 71

T

Question 72

Contaminated, dirty bedding is a predisposing factor for foot rot.

Answer 72

T predisposing factors: - warm, rainy weather - wet pastures, mud, stony soil - old bedding - missed foot trimming

Question 73

In the development of foot rot, fimbriae of the pathogen have an important role

Answer 73

T virulence factors: * fimbria * proteases, keratinase

Question 74

Treatment of foot rot is using foot bath containing formalin and sterogenol

Answer 74

T benign foot rot: foot bath - formalin - sterogenol - zink sulphate - copper sulphate

Question 75

For treatment of panaritium, formalin foot baths are recommended.

Answer 75

T benign foot rot: foot bath - formalin - sterogenol - zink sulphate - copper sulphate

Question 76

Foot rot is a very rare disease in Europe

Answer 76

F | widespread

Question 77

Fimbria and extracellular enzymes are the virulence factors of the agent of foot rot

Answer 77

T

Question 78

Dichelobacter causes Necrobacillosis

Answer 78

F - F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum: more virulent - F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

Question 79

The causative agent of foot root can produce exotoxins

Answer 79

F

Question 80

The causative agent of foot root can produce enzymes

Answer 80

T

Question 81

Foot rot can be prevented by foot bath

Answer 81

T

Question 82

Animals with soft horn are more predisposed to panaritium

Answer 82

T

Question 83

Strongly contaminated bedding is a predisposing factor to panaritium.

Answer 83

T

Question 84

The fimbriae of the pathogens play an important role in the development of panaritium

Answer 84

T

Question 85

To treat severe foot rot we use parenteral antibiotics

Answer 85

T - individual surgery, hoof paring - dry environment, clean bedding benign foot rot: - foot bath virulent foot rot: - local treatment: surgery + antibiotic ointment - parenteral: penicillin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin