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EPI PQ > MT3- Paramyxoviruses > Flashcards

MT3- Paramyxoviruses Flashcards

1
Q

Paramyxoviruses are bad immunogens

A

F

  • good immunogenicity
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2
Q

Paramyxoviruses can survive just a few days in the environment

A

T

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3
Q

Paramyxoviruses cannot cause strong cytopathogenic effect in cell cultures

A

F

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4
Q

Paramyxoviruses are good immunogens

A

T

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5
Q

Parainfluenza viruses generally cause infection in the respiratory tract

A

T

  • upper respiratory tract
  • tracheitis
  • pneumonia
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6
Q

Parainfluenza viruses are highly host specific

A

F

  • not host specific
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7
Q

There are no vaccines on the market against canine parainfluenza 2 virus

A

F

  • live/attenuated vaccine (combined)
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8
Q

Canine parainfluenza virus 2 frequently causes encephalitis in old dogs

A

F

  • fever, depression, anorexia
  • serous nasal discharge
  • lachrymation
  • cough (dry or wet)
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9
Q

Feline morbillivirus infection may be associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis in cats

A

T

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10
Q

Parainfluenza virus 2 infection is frequent in the aetiology of kennel cough

A

T

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11
Q

Rinderpest virus can infect pigs

A

T

  • cattle
  • other ruminants,
  • swine
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12
Q

Rinderpest virus can infect cattle

A

T

  • cattle
  • other ruminants,
  • swine
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13
Q

The morbidity of rinderpest can reach 100%

A

T

morbidity ~100%, mortality 40-90%

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14
Q

Rinderpest virus replicated only in the lungs

A

F

  • replication in lymph nodes around the throat
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15
Q

Rinderpest virus is resistant; it can survive in the environment for several weeks

A

F

survival in the environment: a few days

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16
Q

Rinderpest virus causes viraemia

A

T

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17
Q

Extended interstitial pneumonia is a frequent post mortem lesion of rinderpest

A

T

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18
Q

Vesicle formation on the mucous membranes is typical in the case of rinderpest

A

F

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19
Q

Diarrhoea with blood is a typical sign of rinderpest

A

T

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20
Q

Enteral clinical signs are not typical in Rinderpest

A

F

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21
Q

Attenuated viruses are widely used for the prevention of Rinderpest in Africa

A

F

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22
Q

The clinical signs of rinderpest and malignant catarrhal fever are similar

A

T

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23
Q

Erosions in the oral and nasal cavity are clinical signs of rinderpest

A

T

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24
Q

Rinderpest occurs in large number in Africa

A

F

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25
Q

Earth is free from Rinderpest

A

T ( since 2011)

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26
Q

Wild mammals are asymptomatic carriers of Rinderpest

A

F

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27
Q

It is mandatory to vaccinate cattle against Rinderpest

A

F

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28
Q

Nowadays Rinderpest virus is used as heterologous vaccine against the PPR virus

A

F

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29
Q

Rinderpest virus survives for years in nature.

A

F

survival in the environment: a few days

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30
Q

Only cattle are susceptible to Rinderpest infections

A

F

  • cattle
  • other ruminants,
  • swine
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31
Q

Rinderpest is carried by animals for a long time

A

F

maximum 3-week-long carriage

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32
Q

Rinderpest commonly occurs in Africa and in Latin America.

A

F

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33
Q

Rinderpest virus is carried by animals for several years

A

F

maximum 3-week-long carriage

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34
Q

Cattle are infected with rinderpest virus mainly per os.

A

T

  • infection per os
  • replication in lymph nodes around the throat
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35
Q

Rinderpest virus can survive in the environment for several months

A

F

survival in the environment: a few days

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36
Q

Attenuated vaccines can be used for the prevention of peste des petit ruminants

A

T

  • attenuated
  • above 3 months of age
  • 3 year long protection
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37
Q

Peste des petits ruminants is a widespread disease in Europe

A

F

  • Africa
  • Middle-East
  • India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
  • Bulgaria
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38
Q

Generally direct contact is needed to the transmission of peste des petits ruminants virus

A

T

transmission by direct contact (market, animal movement)

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39
Q

Peste des petits ruminants virus replicates in the epithelium of the mucous membranes

A

T

  • epithelium of mucous membranes
  • lymphoid cells
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40
Q

Peste des petit ruminants is a frequently diagnosed disease in America

A

F

  • Africa
  • Middle-East
  • India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
  • Bulgaria
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41
Q

Necrosis of the oral epithelium is a typical sign of peste des petits ruminants

A

T

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42
Q

Peste de petits ruminants is a zoonotic disease

A

F

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43
Q

Nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of peste des petit ruminant

A

T

  • serous
  • purulent nasal discharge
  • cough
  • conjunctivitis
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44
Q

Erosive lesions in the oral cavity are frequent signs of Peste des petits ruminants.

A

T

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45
Q

The Peste des petits ruminants are endemic in North- and South America.

A

F

  • Africa
  • Middle-East
  • India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
  • Bulgaria
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46
Q

Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia

A

T

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47
Q

Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic or necrotic enteritis

A

T

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48
Q

Over 50% of the animals may die during a Peste des petits ruminants outbreak

A

T

morbidity 90-100%, mortality 50-100%

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49
Q

The world is free of Peste des petites ruminants

A

F

  • Africa
  • Middle-East
  • India, Pakistan, China, Mongolia
  • Bulgaria
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50
Q

Canine distemper virus can produce a generalised infection

A

T

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51
Q

The pathogenesis of distemper is influenced by the immune response of the host

A

T

immune response (virus neutralising antibodies from the 7-9th day)

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52
Q

Distemper can be prevented only with the attenuated but not inactivated vaccines

A

F

  • attenuated vaccine
  • inactivated vaccine
  • subunit and vector vaccine
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53
Q

Distemper is zoonosis

A

F

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54
Q

Distemper virus is shed in respiratory discharge and urine

A

T

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55
Q

Canine distemper has six serotypes

A

F

1 serotypes

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56
Q

Neurological signs are not typical signs of canine distemper

A

F

  • fever
  • eye
  • respiratory
  • GI
  • skin lesions
  • CNS
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57
Q

Clinical signs of the nervous system generally do not appear always in the case of canine distemper

A

F

1-3 weeks after the general clinical signs

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58
Q

Canine distemper virus has one serotype with virulence variants

A

T

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59
Q

Salivation and chewing movements cannot be clinical signs of canine distemper

A

F

  • dry cough, later wet cough, nasal discharge (serous, mucous)
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60
Q

Distemper is a highly contagious disease of dogs and some other carnivores

A

T

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61
Q

Distemper can be prevented only with attenuated but not inactivated vaccines

A

F

  • attenuated vaccine
  • inactivated vaccine
  • subunit and vector vaccine
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62
Q

Canine distemper virus causes immunosuppression

A

T

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63
Q

The dog is the only species which is susceptible to canine distemper virus

A

F

  • dog
  • feline
  • seals, whales
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64
Q

Three to six month old dogs are most susceptible to canine distemper virus

A

T

clinical signs mainly in 3-6-month-old dogs

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65
Q

Enamel hypoplasia can be a sign of distemper

A

T

transplacental infection:
- enamel hypoplasia
- cardiomyopathy

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66
Q

Hyperkeratosis of the nose and footpads are clinical signs of canine distemper

A

T

skin lesions:

  • pustules, crust
  • hyperkeratosis
  • parakeratosis (nose, sole)
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67
Q

Ataxia and paralysis are the main clinical signs of distemper in cat

A

F

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68
Q

Distemper virus infects only dogs

A

F

  • dog
  • feline
  • seals, whales
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69
Q

Distemper can cause abortion

A

T

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70
Q

Dogs infected with Canine distemper virus usually become life-long carriers and shedders.

A

F

shedding can be 2-3 months long

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71
Q

Clinical manifestation of the Canine distemper is mainly seen in 3-4 months-old dogs

A

T

clinical signs mainly in 3-6-month-old dogs

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72
Q

The outcome of Canine distemper virus infection is very much influenced by the immune response of the dog in utero.

A

T

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73
Q

Distemper virus infects only species belonging to Canidae

A

F

  • dog
  • feline
  • seals, whales
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74
Q

Distemper virus spreads mainly by droplet infection

A

T

  • infection respiratory discharge, urine (other excretes)
  • drop infection
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75
Q

Distemper virus can cause fetopathy

A

T? transplacental infection

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76
Q

Distemper virus can infect species belonging to the Felidae

A

T

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77
Q

Distemper virus spreads mainly by arthropod vectors

A

F

drop infection

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78
Q

Distemper is a notifiable disease

A

F

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79
Q

The dominant clinical sign of Canine distemper is diarrhoea

A

F

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80
Q

Canine distemper virus only infects Canidae

A

F

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81
Q

Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins

A

T

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82
Q

Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs

A

T

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83
Q

Surviving distemper does not result in protection

A

F

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84
Q

Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections

A

T

85
Q

Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age

A

F

at the age of 3 months 2*

86
Q

Distemper causes de-myelinization

A

T

87
Q

Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique.

A

T

88
Q

Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder epithelial cells

A

T

89
Q

Hendra and Nipah viruses cause zoonotic disease

A

T

90
Q

Hendra virus can infect mainly swine and human

A

F

infection with urine of flying foxes and horses, other excretes

91
Q

Hendra virus can cause respiratory and neurological signs

A

T

  • ataxia
  • spasms
  • forced movement
  • paralysis
92
Q

Horse is susceptible to Hendra virus infection

A

T

93
Q

Hendra virus can cause enteritis in the small intestine

A

F

94
Q

Natural reservoir of Hendra virus is flying fox (bat)

A

T

95
Q

Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans.

A

T

96
Q

Hendra virus is found only in Australia

A

T

97
Q

Diseases caused by Nipah virus occur worldwide

A

F

98
Q

Nipah virus can cause ataxia, spasms, and paralysis in pig

A

T

  • fever
  • cough, nasal discharge
  • ataxia, spasms, paralysis
99
Q

Natural reservoir of Nipah virus is fruit bats

A

T

100
Q

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses.

A

F

flying foxes are reservoirs (asymptomatic)

101
Q

Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors

A

F

infection from urine and excretes of flying foxes, fruits

102
Q

Bovine RS virus can cause severe pneumonia in 6 months to 2 years old calves

A

T

103
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates in the alveolar epithelium

A

T

104
Q

Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

A

T

105
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes viraemia

A

F

106
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can predispose to secondary bacterial infections

A

T

secondary bacterial infections, more severe

107
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema is a common clinical sign of the disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus

A

T

108
Q

Disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus cannot be prevented with vaccination

A

F

  • inactivated vaccine
  • attenuated vaccine
  • combination vaccine
109
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is spreading fast within a herd

A

T

110
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can cause life threatening disease in calves

A

T

111
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes low morbidity and high mortality

A

F
High morbidity, low mortality
100% morbidity, 1-2% mortality

112
Q

Bovine respiratory syntitial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines
for prevention

A

T

  • inactivated vaccine
  • attenuated vaccine
  • combination vaccine
113
Q

Bovine parainfluenza virus causes central nervous clinical signs in calves

A

F

114
Q

Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can result formation of hyalin membrane in the alveoli

A

T

alveoli: hyaline membrane production

115
Q

Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza-3 virus is very rare

A

F

worldwide, frequent

116
Q

Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can cause interstitial pneumonia in calves

A

T

  • bronchitis
  • tracheitis
  • interstitial pneumonia
117
Q

Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus infection is usually endemic in cattle farms

A

T

introduction with infected animals, endemic

118
Q

Bovine parainffuenza-3 virus generally causes aerosol infection

A

T

119
Q

Fever, coughing, nasal discharge are common clinical signs of bovine PI-3 infection

A

T

120
Q

Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza 3 virus can be diagnosed using paired sera

A

T

  • VN, HAI, ELISA (paired sera)
121
Q

Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms

A

T

122
Q

Parainfluenza 3 virus of cattle spreads mainly by arthropod vectors

A

F

aerosol infection

123
Q

Symptoms of parainfluenza 3 virus infection of cattle are similar to RS virus infection

A

T

124
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus of cattle can cause thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

A

F

125
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus infection of calves is frequently followed by secondary bacterial infection

A

T

126
Q

Parainfluenza-3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves

A

T

127
Q

A common route of infection with parainfluenza-3 is through inhalation

A

T

aerosol infection

128
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria

A

T

129
Q

The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza-3 infection is diarrhoea

A

F

130
Q

Parainfluenza-3 virus aids in secondary bacterial contaminations

A

T

131
Q

Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute form of the disease

A

T

acute respiratory disease

132
Q

Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute septicemia

A

F

133
Q

Live mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccinations in Europe

A

T

134
Q

Day-old chicken can be vaccinated with apathogenic strains to prevent ND

A

T

135
Q

Hen flocks are vaccinated with lentogenic/apathogenic strains to induce maternal immunity

A

T

136
Q

Mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccination in some countries

A

T

137
Q

Apathogenic trains of NDV are used for vaccination

A

T

  • lentogenic vaccines
  • mesogenic vaccines
138
Q

Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality

A

T

Morbidity and mortality rates may approach 100% in unvaccinated chickens

139
Q

ND is caused by virulent strains of the APMV-1 serogroup

A

T

140
Q

Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle disease

A

F

141
Q

It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing

A

T

142
Q

A usual 1st symptom of neurotropic-vNDV infection is diarrhea

A

F
- respiratory and/or nervous

143
Q

An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in ducks

A

F
- chicken

144
Q

An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in dog

A

F
- chicken

145
Q

Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1

A

T

146
Q

An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of ND

A

T?

147
Q

The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice is a significant factor in its virulence

A

T

148
Q

Newcastle Disease ND viruses cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs

A

F

149
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of Newcastle disease.

A

F

150
Q

Only faeces of the infected birds contains Newcastle disease virus

A

F

  • Respiratory secretions/discharges and faeces of infected birds
151
Q

Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of Newcastle disease

A

T

152
Q

Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the chicken embryo survival index

A

T

153
Q

Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus 1

A

T

154
Q

Newcastle disease virus can infect only chicken

A

F

Turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons, and other poultry and captive birds

155
Q

Worldwide distribution is common for Newcastle disease virus

A

T

156
Q

Inhalation is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus

A

T

157
Q

Per os infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus

A

T

158
Q

Eurasia is free from Newcastle disease

A

F

159
Q

Humans are resistant against Newcastle disease virus

A

F

160
Q

Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection

A

F

  • coughing
  • gasping
  • sneezing and rales
161
Q

Lentogenic NDV may cause disease in young turkey.

A

T

162
Q

Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus

A

F

NO germinative transmission due to embryo lethality

163
Q

Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection

A

F

164
Q

Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks

A

F

165
Q

Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than velogenic

A

F

166
Q

Newcastle disease virus causes viraemia

A

T

167
Q

Newcastle disease virus damages blood vessels

A

T

168
Q

The clinical signs of Newcastle disease and avian influenza are similar

A

T

169
Q

Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the intracerebral
pathogenicity index

A

T

170
Q

There are different virulence variants of Newcastle disease virus

A

T

171
Q

Only inactivated vaccines may be used for the prevention of Newcastle disease

A

F

  • live vaccine
  • innactivated
  • ientogenic vaccine
  • mesogenic vaccine
172
Q

Velogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than mesogenic

A

T

173
Q

Tremor, spasms and torcicollis are clinical signs of Newcastle disease

A

T

174
Q

Newcastle disease, splice site significant

A

F?

175
Q

Index higher than 0,7 is a criterion of Newcastle disease

A

T

176
Q

Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over world

A

T

177
Q

The vaccine for NDV is a lentogenic strain

A

T

178
Q

Lentogenic stain is used in vaccines for new castles disease

A

T

179
Q

Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs

A

T

180
Q

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus

A

T

181
Q

The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of certain genes

A

T

182
Q

Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment.

A

F

183
Q

Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks

A

F

184
Q

Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus always cause encephalitis

A

T

185
Q

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production

A

T

186
Q

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality

A

F

  • Velogenic strains does
187
Q

Velogenic viscerotrop strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production.

A

F

  • lentogenic vaccines
  • mesogenic vaccines
188
Q

Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong into 9 serogroups

A

T

189
Q

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs

A

F

190
Q

Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus.

A

F

  • domestic chicken
  • Wild birds and waterfowl
191
Q

Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease

A

F

192
Q

Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons.

A

T

193
Q

Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os.

A

T

194
Q

CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease

A

T

195
Q

Newcastle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza.

A

F

196
Q

Using vaccines of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus good protection can be
reached.

A

F

197
Q

Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian metapneumovirus infection

A

T

198
Q

Avian metapneumovirus infection occurs only in America

A

F

199
Q

Avian metapneumovirus infection spreads very fast within the flock

A

T

200
Q

Disease caused by avian metapneumovirus is more severe in turkeys than hens

A

T

201
Q

In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases

A

T

202
Q

Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus

A

T

203
Q

Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses

A

T

204
Q

Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems

A

T

205
Q

Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens

A

T

206
Q

Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age

A

T

207
Q

Cattle are affected with rinderpest mainly per os

A

T

208
Q

Peste des pest ruminants virus is resistant, it can survive in the environment for several months

A

F

EPI PQ (81 decks)

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