MT4 - Salmonellosis of small ruminants + Horse (G) Flashcards
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of ovine salmonellosis
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chrinic form: arthritis, sporadic abortion
Viral diseases (bluetongue, border disease etc.) frequently predispose sheep to salmonellosis
F
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of ovine salmonellosis
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- fever, anorexia
- diarrhea: watery, foamy, yellow, mucous fibrin
Salmonella Ovis is the main agent of ovine salmonellosis.
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S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, S. Anatum
mixing pregnant old and young ewes can predispose animals to abortion caused by salmonellae:
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predisposing factors:
- poor management,
- ewes in first pregnancy, mixing old and young ewes
- Chlamydia infection
salmonella abortusovis can cause abortion in sheep, goats and cow
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only sheep
salmonella abortion of ewes can be diagnosed by detecting the agent from the faeces of ewes:
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salmonellosis can cause septicaemia in sheep:
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septicaemia is generally asymptomati
First pregnancy predisposes ewes to abortion caused by salmonellae:
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Salmonella Enteritidis can cause salmonellosis in sheep
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S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, S. Anatum
salmonella abortion of ewes can be diagnosed by detecting the agent from the foetus
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Arthritis can be a clinical sign of Ovine Salmonellosis
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Sheep are widely vaccinated for the prevention of abortion cause by Salmonellae spp.
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not widely used
Abortion of ewes cause by Salmonellosis generally happens 2-4 weeks after the acute clinical signs
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usually happens in the last semester
Salmonellosis can cause septicemia in sheep.
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Salmonella Abortusovis can cause abortion in ewes
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Salmonella Abortusovis is the only agent that cause abortion
Mixing ewes in their first pregnancy and old pregnant ewes predisposes to abortion caused salmonellae
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Salmonella Abortusovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis in rams
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Sexual transmission is the main way of infection with Salmonella Abortusovis
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- per os (sexual is rare)
Septicemia occurs in the case of ovine salmonellosis
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Ewes in their first pregnancy are more susceptible to Salmonella abortusovis than older ewes
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Salmonella abortusovis is mainly transmitted at mating
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per os ( sexual is rare)
Abortions caused by Salmonella abortusovis are prevented with widespread vaccination
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- isolation of diseased animals
- clean enviroment, optimal nutrition
- vaccine: inactivated (not widely used)
Salmonella abortusovis can cause birth of non-viable lambs
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Infected at a late stage in pregnancy
lambs are: weak, diarrhoes, pneumonia, death
Sheep are usually infected per os by Salmonella abortusovis
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Rams don’t show any clinical signs of Salmonella Abortusovis
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Salmonella Typhimurium can frequently cause salmonellosis in sheep
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Fever and diarrhoea are frequent clinical signs of ovine salmonellosis
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Parasitic infections are an important predisposing factor of salmonella in sheep and goat.
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predisposing factors:
- young animals
- overcrowding, nutritional deficiencies
- pregnancy, parasitosis, transportation
In the generalized form of salmonellosis in sheep and goat, a watery foamy diarrhoea can be seen
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Abortion caused by S. abortusovis is very common in goats.
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only sheep
Mixing of young and older ewes is the most important predisposing factor in the abortive
form
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predisposing factors:
- poor management
- ewes in first pregnancy, mixing old and young ewes
- Chlamydia infection
Venereal infection is the primary mode of infection in case of S. abortusovis
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per os
Serology is a good way to diagnose abortive salmonellosis in sheep
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Is used because abortion happens weeks after infection and we will have a higher level of antibodies
Vaccination is the best way to prevent S. abortusovis
F
Salmonella abortion of sheep occurs in late winter
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due to the time of when the sheep is pregnant
Focal inflammation and necrosis is seen in the liver of lambs in case of salmonellosis
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Salmonella abortion of sheep occurs mainly in older ewes.
F
S. abortusovis can cause abortion only in sheep.
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Pregnant mares abort in the acute phase of salmonellosis.
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abort 2-4 weeks after the infection
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of salmonellosis of horses
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chronic: arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, sc absecesses
Mixing horses from different origin can predispose animals to salmonellosis
T
predisposing factors:
- management and nutritional deficiencies
- overcrowding
- poor hygiene
- overstrain, stress, transportation, cold
- virus infection, parasitosis
- surgery
- long antibiotic treatment
- mixing animals
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause salmonellosis in horses
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S. Typhimurium, S. Agona, other
Equine herpesvirus-1 can predispose mares to salmonella abortion
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Salmonellosis of horses is limited to the gut; the agent cannot get into the bloodstream
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Arthritis can occur in mares after salmonella abortion
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chronic: arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, sc absecesses
salmonella abortion of mares happens always a few days before the expected birth
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abortion 2-6 weeks at any stage of pregnany (mainly middle)
if mares abort because of salmonellosis, high level of antibodies can be detected in the blood of the mares
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Salmonella Abortusequi causes abortion of horses
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Transportation is a predisposing factor of equine salmonellosis
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predisposing factors:
- management and nutritional deficiencies
- overcrowding
- poor hygiene
- overstrain, stress, transportation, cold
- virus infection, parasitosis
- surgery
- long antibiotic treatment
- mixing animals
Equine herpesvirus 1 infection can predispose horses to salmonellosis
T
Salmonellosis of horses occurs only in foals in the first month of life
F
Tenosynovitis can be a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis
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Enteritis can be a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis.
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clinical signs:
- colic
- diarrhea
- dehydration
- fever, anorexia, depression
Certain virus infections can predispose horses to salmonellosis.
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Horses are regularly vaccinated in order to prevent salmonellosis
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Abortion is a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis
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Foals are aborted in the febrile phase of salmonellosis
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abortion in 2-6 weeks at any stage of pregnancy (useually middle)
Isolation of salmonellae from aborted foals confirm the diagnosis of salmonellosis
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Mares are regularly vaccination with vaccine containing Salmonella typhimurium
F
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause acute salmonellosis in foals
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Mixing of animals is a predisposing factor of acute salmonellosis in foals
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predisposing factors:
- management and nutritional deficiencies
- overcrowding
- poor hygiene
- overstrain, stress, transportation, cold
- virus infection, parasitosis
- surgery
- long antibiotic treatment
- mixing animals
Salmonellosis of horses occurs only in acute form
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actute and chronic
Salmonella typhimurium can cause salmonellosis in horses
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S. Typhimurium, S. Agona, other
Mixing horses of different origin can predispose to salmonellosis.
T
predisposing factors
- management and nutritional deficiencies, overcrowding
- poor hygiene
- overstrain, stress, transportation, cold
- virus infection, parasitosis
- surgery,
- long antibiotic treatment
- mixing animals
Salmonellosis of horses are always limited to gut
F
Salmonella abortusequi causes abortion in horses
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only S. Abortusequi
Young pregnant mares are more susceptible for Salmonella abortusequi infection than older ones.
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more frequent in mares in first pregnancy
Salmonella abortusequi causes septicaemia in horse
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Vaccination against Salmonella abortusequi is widespread to prevent losses
F
no vaccine
Salmonella Equi is the main agent of equine salmonellosis
F
S. Typhimurium
Transportation is a predisposing factor of equine salmonellosis.
T
predisposing factors:
- management and nutritional deficiencies
- overcrowding
- poor hygiene
- overstrain, stress, transportation, cold
- virus infection, parasitosis
- surgery
- long antibiotic treatment
- mixing animals
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of equine salmonellosis
T
Acute:
- fever, anorexia, depression
- colic, diarrhoea, dehydration
- death within 1-2 days
chronic:
- arthritis, tenosynovitis, bursitis
- sub cutaneous abscesses, orchitis
Diarrhoea is the only clinical sign of equine salmonellosis
F
Acute:
- fever, anorexia, depression
- Colic, diarrhoea, dehydration
- death within 1-2 days
chronic:
- arthritis, tenosynovitis, bursitis
- sub cutaneous abscesses, orchitis
Salmonella spp. can cause abortion in horses.
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S. Abortusequi
Foal septicaemia in case of salmonellosis causes bloody diarrhoea
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Foal septicaemia in case of salmonellosis is highly age-related.
F
Mycotoxins are an important predisposing factor in foal septicaemia.
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Foal septicaemia is caused by S. typhimurium
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Abortion caused by S. abortusequi occurs a few days after the infection
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abortion in 2-6 week: at any stage of pregnancy (mainly in the middle)
Salmonellosis of horses in abortive form, most often occurs in older mares
F
Abortion caused by S. abortusequi most often occurs in the 2nd trimeste
F
abortion in 2-6 week: at any stage of pregnancy (mainly in the middle)
