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D2 Spring > Ortho - Lecture 6: Biology & Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ortho - Lecture 6: Biology & Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Center of mass/gravity; point of balance

A

Free body

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2
Q

The center of resistance for a tooth with PDL/bone surrounding it is ____________ of the root length (from CEJ to apex)

A

1/2 to 1/3

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3
Q

Point at which resistance to movement can be concentrated for mathematical analysis

A

Center of resistance

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4
Q

What do the following factors affect the location of?

Alveolar bone height
Size of tooth
Number of roots
Root length
Number of teeth

A

Center of resistance

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5
Q

All rigid body movements are ___________ or ___________, or a combination of the two

A

rotations; translations

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6
Q

Have magnitude, but no direction

A

Scalars

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7
Q

Examples are temp, mass, length, time-algebric addition

A

Scalars

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8
Q

Have magnitude and direction

A

Vectors

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9
Q

Examples are force, velocity, electric intensity field, acceleration

A

Vectors

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10
Q

T/F: A load applied to an object will tend to move it in the direction of the applied force

A

True

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11
Q

How is force measured in ortho?

A

Grams or ounces

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12
Q

Tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis

A

Moment

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13
Q

2 equal and opposite forces whose lines of action do not coincide

A

Couple

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14
Q

Force through CR = ?

A

Translation

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15
Q

Force NOT through CR = ?

A

Translation + Rotation

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16
Q

Pure rotation around CR = ?

A

Couple

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17
Q

Mf means what

A

Moment caused by force

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18
Q

Mc means what

A

Moment caused by couple

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19
Q

Force equation

A

Mf = F x d

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20
Q

Ortho force NOT through CR causes…

A

Mf

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21
Q

Bracket/wire interface causes…

A

Mc (in opposite direction)

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22
Q

The point around which rotation occurs when an object is being moved; will vary depending on force/moment/couple being applied

A

Center of rotation

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23
Q

Connect the before and after positions of 2 points, it is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the lines

A

Center of rotation

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24
Q

What is the bone-forming organ?

A

PDL

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25
Q

Which part of PDL?

Function = ligament attachment, resist movement

A

Collagenous fibers

26
Q

Which part of PDL?

Function = build and remodel collagen

A

Cellular elements

27
Q

Which part of PDL?

Function =

A

Tissue fluid

28
Q

How many seconds of force cause the following to occur to the PDL?

Fluid incompressible, bone bends, piezoelectric signal

A

1 sec

29
Q

How many seconds of force cause the following to occur to the PDL?

Fluid is expressed, tooth moves in PDL space

A

1-2 seconds

30
Q

How many seconds of force cause the following to occur to the PDL?

Fluid is squeezed out, tissues compressed, pain if heavy pressure

A

3-5 seconds

31
Q

What are the 3 parts of biological control of tooth movement?

A

Altered blood flow/strain
Chemical messengers
Cell activation

32
Q

How much time of light force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Blood flow altered, oxygen tension changes, prostaglandins/cytokines released

A

Minutes

33
Q

How much time of light force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Metabolic changes, chemical messengers affect cellular activity, enzyme levels change

A

Hours

34
Q

How much time of light force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Increased cAMP levels, PDL cell differentiation

A

~4 hours

35
Q

How much time of light force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Tooth movement begins as osteoclasts/blasts remodel bony socket

A

~2 days

36
Q

How much time of heavy force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Blood flow cut off to compressed PDL area

A

Minutes

37
Q

How much time of heavy force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Cell death in compressed area

A

Hours

38
Q

How much time of heavy force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Cell differentiation in adjacent marrow spaces, undermining resorption begins

A

3-5 days

39
Q

How much time of heavy force causes the following to occur to the PDL?

Undermining resorption removes lamina dura adjacent to PDL, tooth movement occurs

A

7-14 days

40
Q

What type of force causes the following? What is the resulting resorption?

Blood flow altered, but not stopped
Cell differentiation in PDL

A

Light force -> frontal resorption

41
Q

What type of force causes the following? What is the resulting resorption?

Cell death in PDL
Must rely on bone marrow

A

Heavy force -> undermining resorption

42
Q

What are the adverse biological effects of ortho force and tooth movement?

A

Pain
Root resorption
Bone loss
Mobility
Pulp

43
Q

Pain is caused by inflammation at the _________ and ischemic areas in the _______

A

apex; PDL

44
Q

Heavy or light force?

Pain develops immediately; PDL is crushed

A

Heavy

45
Q

Heavy or light force?

Pt feels little or nothing immediately

A

Light

46
Q

When is pain going to be the worst?

A

Initial activation

47
Q

How long until pain appears?

A

Several hours

48
Q

How will the pain feel?

A

Mild aching

49
Q

What are teeth going to be sensitive to?

A

Pressure

50
Q

How long will the soreness last?

A

2-4 days

51
Q

When will teeth be sensitive again?

A

Reactivation

52
Q

There is a great deal of ___________ variation when it comes to pain

A

individual

53
Q

Does root resorption continue after braces?

A

No, if you stop the forces as soon as you notice resorption

54
Q

What decreases as a result of ortho treatment? How much?

A

Alveolar crest height; 0.5mm

55
Q

What determines alveolar bone position?

A

Tooth position

(exception: ortho during active perio)

56
Q

Sometimes, an erupting tooth can bring alveolar bone with it. Describe the example given in class

A

Missing lateral incisor
Canine erupts mesially then moved back to its proper position, creating alveolar bone for the implant

57
Q

Why is there an increase in mobility with ortho?

A

Bone remodeling (immature bone)
PDL reorganization (disorganized)
Widened PDL space

58
Q

How does the pulp respond to force?

A

Initial inflammation

(no long-term signficance)

59
Q

In what cases have there been reports of loss of tooth vitality during ortho tx?

A

History of previous trauma
Apex outside alveolar process

60
Q

Is it contraindicated to move teeth treated by endo?

A

No, you can do that! Response of the PDL, not the pulp, is key element in ortho movement

D2 Spring (18 decks)

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