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D2 Spring > Ortho - Lecture 4: Growth and Development > Flashcards

Ortho - Lecture 4: Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in size

A

Growth

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2
Q

Increase in complexity

A

Development

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3
Q

Combo of growth and development over time

A

Maturation

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4
Q

Patterns of growth are determined by the ____________ relationships between structures. A normal growth pattern is marked by changes in these proportional relationships over time

A

proportional

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5
Q

Patterns imply _____________

A

predictability

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6
Q

Tissue systems of the body grow at ___________ rates

A

different

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7
Q

The maxilla follows the ___________ growth curve

A

neural

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8
Q

The mandible follows the ___________ growth curve

A

general

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9
Q

During the adolescent growth spurt, which jaw grows more than the other?

A

Mandible grows more than maxilla

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10
Q

What are the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd directions of growth of the skull?

A

1st: Transverse
2nd: A-P
3rd: Vertical

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11
Q

Used to evaluate if a patient’s pattern of growth falls outside normal range acceptable for a population

A

Standard growth chart

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12
Q

A child’s growth should plot along the same _____________ at all ages

A

percentile

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13
Q

Normally developing patients undergo specific changes at _____________ times

A

different

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14
Q

How can timing variability be reduced?

A

By using developmental age instead of chronological age

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15
Q

When is the adolescent growth spurt for females?

A

11-13

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16
Q

When is the adolescent growth spurt for males?

A

13-15

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17
Q

What is the peak of adolescent growth spurt for females?

A

Breast development

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18
Q

What is the peak of adolescent growth spurt for males?

A

Pigmented hair on lip

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19
Q

Age determination measured in years

A

Chronological age

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20
Q

Age determination measured by stage of dental development (which teeth are absent/present)

A

Dental age

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21
Q

Age determination measured by bone maturation (size/shape of vertebrae determines growth status)

A

Skeletal age

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22
Q

Why do we monitor growth?

A

Determine normal vs abnormal
Determine specific growth pattern
Assess amount of growth remaining
Determine tx timing of ortho

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23
Q

Changes in proportions of head and face during growth

A

Craniofacial growth

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24
Q

Postnatally, there is much more growth of __________ structures compared to cranial structures

A

facial

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25
Q

At birth, the face and jaws are _______________ compared to the adult

A

underdeveloped

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26
Q

Formed by intramembranous ossification (no cartilage precursor!)

A

Cranial vault
Nasomaxillary complex

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27
Q

Formed by endochondral ossification (starts as cartilage!)

A

Cranial base

28
Q

What is the major mechanism for growth of the cranial vault?

A

Apposition of new bone at sutures

29
Q

What growth curve does the cranial vault follow?

A

Neural

30
Q

As ossification of the cranial base proceeds, bands of cartilage called _____________ remain btwn the centers of ossification

A

synchondroses

31
Q

In the cranial base, where does growth occur? What is the cartilage eventually replaced by?

A

Growth occurs at synchondroses in both directions

Cartilage is replaced by bone

32
Q

Growth of the nasomaxillary complex occurs by apposition of bone at the sutures connecting the ___________ to the cranium and cranial base, and __________ remodeling

A

maxilla; surface

33
Q

What direction does the maxilla grow?

A

Downward + forward

34
Q

Why does the midpalatal suture fuse early?

A

Transverse growth is completed 1st

35
Q

Apposition of bone in the maxillary molar area accounts for space for which teeth?

A

Maxillary 3rd molars

36
Q

As the maxilla grows downward + forward, its anterior surface tends to resorb through ______________, except for which part?

A

remodeling; except for small area around anterior nasal spine

37
Q

Remodeling of the palatal vault moves it in the same direction as it is being translated. Bone is removed from the floor of the ________ and added to the roof of the _________

A

nose; mouth

38
Q

As the palatal vault moves downward, bone remodeling also _________ it

A

widens

39
Q

Which direction is the mandible translated? How does it grow?

A

Translated downward + forward
Grows upward + backward

40
Q

What are the 3 principle sites of growth for the mandible?

A

Posterior surface of ramus
Condylar process
Coronoid process

41
Q

As the mandible grows in length, the ramus is extensively remodeled. What happens to the anterior and posterior surface of the mandible?

A

Anterior surface = resorption
Posterior surface = apposition of new bone

42
Q

What age do centrals erupt?

A

Upper: 7
Lower: 6

43
Q

What age do laterals erupt?

A

Upper: 8
Lower: 7

44
Q

What age do canines erupt?

A

Upper: 12
Lower: 11

45
Q

What age do 1st premolars erupt?

A

Upper and lower: 11

46
Q

What age do 2nd premolars erupt?

A

Upper and lower: 12

47
Q

What age do 1st molars erupt?

A

Upper and lower: 6

48
Q

What age do 2nd molars erupt?

A

Upper and lower: 12

49
Q

Caused by maxillary protrusion or mandibular retrusion, or a combo of both

A

Class II

50
Q

Caused by maxillary retrusion or mandibular protrusion, or a combo of both

A

Class III

51
Q

What part of class II tx planning?

Done early to prevent maxillary growth/allow mandible to catch up

A

Headgear

52
Q

What part of class II tx planning?

Attempt during late mixed/early permanent dentition and during adolescent growth spurt

A

Growth modification

53
Q

What part of class II tx planning?

Ext during permanent dentition to hid mild/moderate skeletal problem

A

Camouflage

54
Q

What part of class II tx planning?

Done after all growth is complete

A

Surgery

55
Q

What part of class III tx planning?

Protraction facemask (reverse pull headgear) done early before sutures fuse

A

Growth modification

56
Q

What part of class III tx planning?

Ext after growth is complete so pt does not outgrow tx

A

Camouflage

57
Q

What part of class III tx planning?

Done after growth is complete

A

Surgery

58
Q

What does tx timing depend on? (4)

A

Degree of severity
Amount of growth left
Tx objectives
Facial profile

59
Q

When are teeth extracted for ortho tx?

A

Not enough room
Camouflage a skeletal discrepancy

60
Q

What is treatment timing based on for dental problems?

A

Dentition

61
Q

What is treatment timing based on for skeletal problems?

A

Skeletal maturation

62
Q

Appliances that affect growth

A
63
Q

Which jaw?

Protraction facemask (reverse pull headgear)

A

Mandible (class III)

64
Q

Which jaw?

Headgear

A

Maxilla (class II)

65
Q

Ap skeletal pattern chart

A
66
Q

transverse/vertical chart

A

D2 Spring (18 decks)

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