Ortho - introduction

Question 1

What is orthodontics concerned with?

Answer 1

The growth of the teeth, face and jaws

Question 2

What are the 6 keys for the gold standard ‘Ideal occlusion’?

Answer 2

Correct molar relationship 
Correct crown angulation (MD)
Correct crown inclination (BL)
Absence of rotations
Tight proximal contacts/lack of spacing 
Flat occlusal plane

Question 3

What is a normal occlusion?

Answer 3

This is seen more often than the IO. It is when there are minor discrepancies from the ID but do not disadvantage the patient aesthetically or functionally in a major way.

Question 4

What is a malocclusion?

Answer 4

This is when there are major deviations from the ID and may be considered aesthetically and functionally unsatisfactory.

Question 5

Classifying malocclusion with the incisal relationship. What are they broken down into?

Answer 5

Class I - the lower incisor contact at or just below the cingulum of uppers
Class ll (div l) - the lower incisors contact posterior to the cingulum and the upper incisors are pro-clined. (increased OJ)
Class ll (div ll) - the lower incisors contact posterior to the cingulum and the upper incisors are retro-clined.
Class lll - the lower incisors contact anterior to the cingulum and sometimes contact completely in front of the uppers giving a reversed OJ

Question 6

Mandibular hypoplasia?

Answer 6

This is when there is an undeveloped mandible. Causes a class ll

Question 7

Mandibular prognathism

Answer 7

This is an overgrowth of the mandible

Question 8

Maxilla hypoplasia

Answer 8

When the maxilla is smaller and underdeveloped.

Question 9

What incisor relationship is it fro mandibular prognathism and maxilla hypoplasia.

Answer 9

Class 3

Question 10

What is the name for the syndrome where one side of the lower half of the face is underdeveloped?

Answer 10

Hemifacial macrosomia

Question 11

Hemimandibular hypertrophy?

Answer 11

Overgrowth of the mandible on one side

Resulting in progressive facial asymmetry.

Question 12

What is another name for hemifacial microsomia? and what can it cause?

Answer 12

1st or 2nd pharyngeal arch syndrome.
1st affects the mandible and 2nd affects the ear.
It can cause deafness, progressive facial asymmetry and occlusal problems

Question 13

What is a good diagnostic tool that orthodontists can use for patients with skeletal abnormalities?

Answer 13

Cephalometric radiographs

Question 14

What are the treatment options for a growing patient with skeletal discrepancies?

Answer 14

Growth modification techniques
Headgear
Functional appliance

Question 15

What are the treatment options for an adult (patient who has stopped growing) patient with skeletal discrepancies?

Answer 15

The only option really is orthognathic surgery.

Question 16

What would be a possible orthognathic procedure which could be carried out for these skeletal patients?

Answer 16

BSSO

bi-lateral sagittal split osteotomy

Question 17

Any orthognathic treatment requires interdisciplinary teamwork. Name some of the teams involved?

Answer 17

Orthodontist 
MAXFAX surgeon 
MAXFAX technician 
clinical psychologist 
Speech therapist 
GDP

Question 18

Define macrodont?

Answer 18

An abnormally large tooth

Question 19

Define ectopic? and what is the most common ectopic type of tooth?

Answer 19

A tooth in an abnormal place

Canine

Question 20

Types of appliances?

Answer 20

Removable - URA tipping and tilting of teeth as well as space-maintaining and opening bites.
FIxed - True 3D control of tooth position
Headgear
Functionals - modify jaw growth
Invisalign

Question 21

Possible risks of orthodontics?

Answer 21

Decalcification 
Root resorption 
Pain and discomfort 
soft tissue damage 
Relapse

Question 22

Benefits of orthodontics?

Answer 22

Improves aesthetics
Improves Function
Reduces chances of trauma
Improves OH ability to clean between teeth
Facilitates to allow for other treatment.