H - Crighton

Question 1

Dental implications of a stroke?

Answer 1

Impaired mouth mobility - access
Impaired dexterity - OH
Loss of reflexes managing saliva
Stroke pain

Question 2

Diagnosis of Sjogren’s?

Answer 2

Modified European criteria, need to have 4 or more.
Dry eyes/mouth 
Autoantibody findings
Imaging findings 
radionucleotide assessment 
histopathology findings

Question 3

Components of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Delusions

hallucinations

Question 4

Acquired immunodeficiencies?

Answer 4

Viral - HIV
Cancer - chemo
therapeutic immunosuppression

Question 5

Patients at risk of Infective endocarditis?

Answer 5

Patients who have had a valve replacement
- prosthetic valve
Any cyanotic CHD
other CHD patients

Question 6

Primary and secondary stroke prevention?

Answer 6

reduce risk factors - primary

Antiplatelet action - secondary

Question 7

Risk factors of a stroke

Answer 7

Hypertension 
Smoking 
alcohol 
ischaemic heart disease 
diabetes

Question 8

What is GABA and what is it associated with?

Answer 8

The inhibitory neurotransmitter that blocks brain signals

Reduced levels of GABA are associated with epilepsy - abnormal cell to cell propagation

Question 9

Oral side effects of an anticholinergic?

Answer 9

Dry mouth

Question 10

Drugs that cause xerostomia?

Answer 10

Anti-cholinergics
Anti-depressants
anti-psychotics
mood stabilisers - carbomazepine

Question 11

Most likely cause of anaemia in 45-year-old male?

Answer 11

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 12

What is motor neuron disease?

Answer 12

Degeneration in the spinal cord 
Progressive loss of motor function 
death within 3 years of diagnosis 
- ventilation failure 
- Aspiration pneumonia

Question 13

what is MS?

Answer 13

Multiple sclerosis
Demyelination of the axons in CNS
Progressive functional loss

Question 14

Examples of neurosis(mental illness)?

Answer 14

Panic disorder
Bipolar
OCD
Depression

Question 15

Examples of psychosis?

Answer 15

Schizophrenia

Question 16

Neurosis vs psychosis?

Answer 16

Neurotic patients have retained contact with reality.

Whereas psychotic patients have lost this

Question 17

Why is radiotherapy delivered over multiple sessions?

Answer 17

Fractionated

As not all cells divide at once

Question 18

Tumour staging?

Answer 18

TNM
Tumour stage 1-4
nodes - N0 -N3
metastases - M0 - M1

Question 19

What DNA complexes are essential for cancer cell survival?

Answer 19

Telomerase

protect cancer cells from being recognised as sites of DNA damage

Question 20

Management of a stroke, acute and chronic phase?

Answer 20

Acute - reduce damage

• Calcium channel blockers
• Improve blood flow and oxygenation
• Ensure the normal glycaemic level
• Prevent future risk, aspirin

Chronic - rehabilitation
- Speech, language and occupation

Question 21

Treatment of Parkinson’s?

Answer 21

Anti-cholinergics 
dopaminergic drugs (e.g levodopa)

Question 22

Osteoporosis vs osteomalacia?

Answer 22

porosis - porous bone

malacia - poorly mineralised osteoid matrix

Question 23

Length of time on bisphosphonate to make pt higher risk of BRONJ?

Answer 23

5 years

Question 24

What is glaucoma?

Answer 24

A common cause of blindness

raised intraocular pressure

Question 25

Dental aspects epilepsy?

Answer 25

Trauma during seizures
Drug complications
-anticonvulsants eg phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia
Treat at times of low risk of a fit

Question 26

Dental aspects of SLE (lupus)?

Answer 26

Chronic anaemia - ulcers
Thrombocytopenia - bleeding
Renal disease - drug metabolism
immunosuppression - increased malignancy risk