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2. Immunology > Organs of the immune system > Flashcards

Organs of the immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are apart of the central lymphoid tissues?

A

Bone marrow
Thymus
Fetal Liver

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2
Q

What organs are apart of peripheral lymphoid tissues?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues

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3
Q

What is the function of the primary lymphoid tissues?

A

Nurture lymphocyte development

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4
Q

What are the functions of the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Support lymphocyte maturation, survival and activation
Drain antigenic material from tissues and organs

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5
Q

Internal lymphoid organs

A

Thymus
Bone marrow
Spleen
Lymph nodes

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6
Q

Surface lymphoid organs

A

Respiratory tract
Mammary glands
Salivary glands
Intestine
Urogenital system

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7
Q

What are the sources of lymphocytes?

A

Yolk sac, fetal liver and bone marrow

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8
Q

What are the sites of lymphocyte development?

A

Thymus
Bursa
Peyer’s Patches
Bone marrow

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9
Q

What are the sites where lymphocytes respond to antigens?

A

Tonsils
Spleen
LN
PPs
Bone marrow

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10
Q

Where are all immune cells derived from?

A

Bone marrow stem cells

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11
Q

Thymus

A

Cranial mediastinal space (thorax)
First lymphoid organ to develop in fetus
Bilobed organ

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12
Q

Where is the thymus size the greatest?

A

@ puberty, involution occurs slowly

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13
Q

What does the outer cortex and inner medulla of the thymus have?

A

Cortex: immature proliferating lymphoid cells (thymocytes)
Medulla: Mature T cells

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14
Q

Thymic epithelial cells

A

Produce trophic hormone, thymosin-a, thymopoietin, thymulin and thymus humoral factor that play a role in T cell maturation

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15
Q

Pos. and neg. selection of T cells

A

Pos: T cells with receptors with intermediate affinities
Neg: auto reactive T cells (recognize self antigens)

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16
Q

Fewer than ________ of thymocytes leave the thymus

A

5%

17
Q

Thymic involution

A

Physiologic, age-associated decrease of cellularity

18
Q

Thymic Atropy

A

Stress/ pathological conditions (increase in corticosteroids)

19
Q

What are the major functions of LNs

A
  1. Trap antigens
  2. Provide organized area for antigen presentation
  3. Provide signals to maintain lymphocyte survival
  4. Site of initiation of adaptive response
  5. Lymphocytes cross into lymphatics from the blood by interacting with specialized endothelia called HEVs
20
Q

How is the LN organized?

A

Outer cortex and inner medulla (pig is reversed)

21
Q

Outer cortex of the LN

A

Aggregates of B cells with primary and secondary follicles (germinal center)

22
Q

Paracortex of the LN

A

Contains mainly T cells

23
Q

Medulla of the LN

A

Cord: B cells, plasma cells, macrophages
Sinuses: Lymph, macrophages, granulocytes, deliver lymph to efferent lymph vessel

24
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

To filter blood
Remove antigens and old RBCs
Cells can enter and leave by bloodstream

25
Q

What happens to microorganisms in the spleen

A

Phagocytosed by fixed macrophages
Encounter B cells
Presented to T cells

26
Q

How is the spleen made up?

A
  1. White pulp: macrophages, antigen-presenting cells, B and T cells
  2. Red pulp: meshwork of reticular fiber, reticular cells, monocytes/ macrophages and vascular spaces
27
Q

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A

Aggregates of lymphoid tissue found in the lamina propria and submucosa of various tissue

28
Q

What are other types of associated lymphoid tissue?

A

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT Peyer’s patches)
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
CALT, NALT, DALT, SALT

29
Q

Chicken thymus

A

6-7 lobes (each side) close to the jugular veins
Cortical and medullary regions
Cellular depletion and involution of both bursa and thymus occurs as birds mature

30
Q

What don’t avian species have that mammals do?

A

LNs
No IgD and IgE
No IgG subclasses

31
Q

What are the effects of thymectomy?

A

Decrease in the # of circulating lymphocytes, graft rejection, cell-mediated cytotoxity and serum immunoglobins

32
Q

What is the effect of bursectomy?

A

Decrease in serum immunoglobins

2. Immunology (24 decks)

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