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2. Immunology > Immunoglobulins > Flashcards

Immunoglobulins Flashcards

1
Q

TCR

A

T cell receptor on the surface of T cells
Responsible for recognizing fragment of antigen as peptides bound to MHC molecules

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2
Q

CD4`

A

Glycoprotein and co-receptor for the TCR
Found on helper cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

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3
Q

CD8

A

Transmembrane glycoprotein and co-receptor for TCR
T cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions

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4
Q

What are the functions of antibodies in infection?

A

Toxin neutralization
Microbial binding (prevents attachment, neutralization)
Cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells
Opsonization (phagocytosis)
Complement fixation (lysis)
Mast cell degranulation

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5
Q

IgM

A

First antibody formed in the newborn vertebrate
First and major Ig in the primary immune response
Second highest in serum concentration

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6
Q

What is the structure of IgM?

A

Molecular weight: 900,000 daltons
In pentameric form of 5 subunits held together by a J chain

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7
Q

What is IgM efficient in?

A

Intravascular, complement activation, opsonization, agglutination and virus neutralization

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8
Q

IgG

A

In serum formed in secondary responses
Can opsonize, agglutinate and precipitate antigen

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9
Q

When does IgG appear?

A

In increased amounts of sera after an initial lag on the first immunization

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10
Q

IgA

A

Minor component in serum
Major Ig in external secretions in non ruminants (IgG1)

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11
Q

IgA structure

A

Common form is dimer of 2 identical units joined by J chain

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12
Q

IgA function

A

Protects mucosal surfaces, mammary glands and eyes
Doesn’t activate complement and not an opsonin, intravascular and secretions

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13
Q

What happens when IgA is secreted by a plasma cell?

A

In mucosa it’ll bind to a receptor on epithelial cells
Turns into secretory IgA (sIgA)

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14
Q

What is the function of secretory component of IgA

A

Protects IgA against proteolytic enzymes (degradation)
Facilitates transport of sIgA into secretions

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15
Q

IgE

A

Mediates type 1 hypersensitivity
Binds to mast cells and basophils
With antigen, mediates release of vasoactive amines (histamine, serotonin)

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16
Q

When is IgE important?

A

Anti-parasitic immunity

17
Q

When does IgE increase?

A

Atopic skin diseases (eczema)
Hay fever
Asthma, anaphylactic shock, IgE-myeloma

18
Q

IgD

A

Found on the membrane of B lymphocytes
Sensitive to proteolytic enzymes
Low serum concentration

19
Q

What is the role of IgD?

A

May serve as an antigen receptor
Plays a role in antigen-triggered clonal proliferation

20
Q

Immunoglobin isotopes in chickens?

A

IgM, IgA and IgY produced in the bursa of fabricus

21
Q

What animals have IgG, IgM, IgD and IgA?

A

Mice (bone marrow)
Rabbits (appendix)
Sheep (peyer’s patches)
Horse

22
Q

What species has only IgG, IgM and IgE?

A

Cattle

23
Q

What do immunoglobulins do in mothers?

A

In colostrum and breastmilk, protein that allows mother to pass immunity to her baby

24
Q

Which immunoglobulins do mothers have?

A

IgA, IgM, IgG
sIgM and SIgA

25
Q

_______ is the only antibody class that significantly crosses the human placenta

A

IgG

26
Q

Adjuvants

A

Substances that enhance immunogenicity when mixed with antigen and injected
Boost immune response

27
Q

What are examples of adjuvants?

A

Aluminum-potassium sulfate- synthetic (alum)
Jules Freund’s incomplete and complete adjuvant (1930)

28
Q

Heat-liable enterotoxin B (LTB)

A

Intramolecular adjuvant subunit of ETEC
Strong mucosal adjuvant and immunogen
Used against ETEC-induced diarrhea

29
Q

TH1

A

IFN-g, IL-2, TNF-b
Acts on CD8+ T cell, NK, Mo, B cell (Ig3)
Enhances cell-mediated cytotoxicity

30
Q

TH2

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-3
Act on eosinophils, B cells (IgE and Ig4)
Response to worms and allergens

31
Q

TH17

A

Th17, IL-22
Acts on neutrophils and eosinophils
Proinflammatory
Response to extracellular bacteria and fungi

32
Q

Treg

A

TGF-b and IL-10
Act on other lymphocytes, inhibits the functions of T and B cells, dendritic cells, etc.

2. Immunology (24 decks)

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