Immune Cells Flashcards
Immune cells
Develop from stem cells in the bone marrow
Become different types of WBCs and immune cells
B cells
Arise from bone marrow
Differentiate into plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Cytotoxic T cells
Mature in the thymus
Responsible for killing cancer cells and cells infected with a virus
Helper T cells
Specialized lymphocytes
Help other T cells and B cells perform their functions
Plasma cells
Develop from B cells
Make immunoglobulin (antibodies)
Neutrophils
Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)
Phagocytosis
Short lifespan (few hours)
What does the neutrophil engage with?
Microbe
Coated with specific antibody and complement which signal to the neutrophil that it should attack
Once phagocytized by neutrophil, what happens to the bacteria?
Enzymes and toxic chemicals are discharged into the pocket containing the bacteria
Neutrophilia
Increase in # of neutrophils in bloodstream caused by inflammation
3,000- 12,000 per mL of 40-60%
Neutropenia
Decrease in # of neutrophils in bloodstream
Occurs in all species during overwhelming bacterial infections
Adverse reaction to drugs
Viral infections in dogs and cats that may cause transient neutropenia
Dog: parvo, distemper
Cat: panleukopenia, feline leukemia virus
Viral infections in horses that may cause transient neutropenia
Equine influenza, equine viral arteritis, equine herpes
Viral infections in cattle and pigs that may cause transient neutropenia
Cattle: Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Pig: African and classical swine fever
What causes neutropenia?
WBCs sticking to the walls of damaged BVs, destruction of neutrophils, reduced formation in bone marrow
Monocytes
Develop into macrophages when migrating to tissues
Phagocytosis
Adaptive immunity
100-1800 of these per each mL of dog’s blood, 0-850/ microliter in cat a
Monocytosis
Chronic inflammatory conditions, endocarditis, bacteriemia, corticosteroid/ stress response