Organizational Theory

Question 1

What are the two theories advocated by Douglas McGregor to categorize workers?

Answer 1

Theory X and Theory Y

Question 2

What are the five levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 2

• Self-actualization (highest level)
• Esteem
• Social
• Safety
• Physiological (lowest level)

Question 3

What is the first level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 3

Physiological

Question 4

What are the physiological needs as defined in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? (6)

Answer 4

Food, water, clothing, shelter, sleep, and sexual satisfaction

Question 5

Which levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs must be achieved before achieving self-esteem?

Answer 5

Physiological, Safety and Social

Question 6

What are the three needs in McClelland’s Theory of Needs?

Answer 6

• Achievement - Affiliation - Power

Question 7

According to McClelland’s theory, what are the characteristics of people with need for achievement?

Answer 7

• Seek recognition - Prefer challenging but achievable work - Avoid low-risk and high-risk situation - Prefer to work alone or with other high-achievers

Question 8

According to McClelland’s theory, people who work best in cooperation with others have a high need for ___________.

Answer 8

According to McClelland’s theory, people who work best in cooperation with others have a high need for <u>affiliation</u>.

Question 9

According to McClelland’s theory, what kinds of people make effective leaders?

Answer 9

People whose need for power is socially-oriented (institutional power).

Question 10

Which organizational theory deals with hygiene factors and motivating agents?

Answer 10

Herzberg’s Theory

Question 11

Which levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs are the Hygiene Factors in the Herzberg’s theory?

Answer 11

Physiological, Safety and Social

Question 12

Which levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs are the Motivating Factors in the Herzberg’s theory?

Answer 12

Esteem and Self-actualization

Question 13

What does the Herzberg’s theory say about Hygiene Factors?

Answer 13

Poor hygiene factors may demotivate people, but improving the hygiene factors is not likely to motivate people.

Question 14

What does the Herzberg’s theory say about Motivating Factors?

Answer 14

What motivates people is the work itself.

Question 15

What are the hygiene factors according to Herzberg?

Answer 15

• Working conditions - Salary - Personal life - Relationships with co-workers - Physical safety - Status

Question 16

What are the motivating factors according to Herzberg?

Answer 16

• Work - Achievement - Recognition - Responsibility - Promotion - Growth

Question 17

Which organizational theory concentrates on outcomes rather than needs?

Answer 17

Expectancy Theory

Question 18

Who proposed the Expectancy Theory?

Answer 18

Victor Vroom

Question 19

What are the three variables in the Expectancy Theory?

Answer 19

• Expectancy - Instrumentality - Valence

Question 20

What does the Expectancy Theory advocate?

Answer 20

For a person to be motivated, effort, performance and motivation must be linked.

Question 21

What is the Acquired Needs Theory also known as?

Answer 21

McClelland’s Theory of Needs

Question 22

What is McClelland’s Theory of Needs also referred to as?

Answer 22

• Acquired Needs Theory - Three Needs Theory - Learned Needs Theory