Organization of Organ

Question 1

is a structure formed by a combination of two or more basic tissues

Answer 1

organ

Question 2

organs are classified based on their morphology as?

Answer 2

tubular and parenchymatous

Question 3

a hollow organ with a lumen (canal) and a wall

Answer 3

tubular organ

Question 4

the wall consists of four coats or tunics that from the inner most or luminal surface to the outermost of peripheral surface are the?

Answer 4

tunica mucosa - tunica submucosa - tunica muscularis - tunica serosa - tunica adventitia

Question 5

commonly called mucous membrane or wet membrane and kept moist by secretions from lining epithelial or glandular cells of mucosal or submucosal glands.

Answer 5

tunica mucosa

Question 6

the innermost (luminal) coat (tunic) of a tubular organ composed of three layers or laminae. what are these?

Answer 6

lining epithelium, lamina propria, and lamina muscularis mucosae

Question 7

second coat located beneath the tunica mucosa. loose CT, just like the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa. also contain blood vessels, nerves, autonomic ganglia and nerve plexuses. permits motility of tunica mucosa, which is an important feature of most tubular organs

Answer 7

tunica submucosa

Question 8

third coat located beneath the tunica submucosa. generally, smooth muscle tissue arranged into two layers. maintains the tone of organ, size of lumen and movement of materials through the organ.

Answer 8

tunica muscularis

Question 9

outermost coat composed of loose CT with blood vessels, nerves, myenteric ganglia and plexuses, and adipose cells.

Answer 9

tunica adventitia or tunica serosa

Question 10

derived from splanchnic mesoderm, which forms the dorsal mesentery that suspends tubular organs from the dorsal body wall

Answer 10

tunica serosa

Question 11

that suspends the stomach from the dorsal body wall

Answer 11

greater omentum

Question 12

derived from somatic mesoderm that lines body cavities.

Answer 12

serous membrane

Question 13

the serous membrane consists of loose CT overlaid by mesothelium that faces the coelom. a hollow organ with lumen (canal) and a wall.

Answer 13

tunica adventitia or tunica serosa

Question 14

a solid organ composed of a stroma and a parenchyma

Answer 14

parenchymatous organ

Question 15

connective tissue support or framework of a solid organ

Answer 15

stroma

Question 16

loose CT or irregular DWFCT that envelops the solid organ

Answer 16

capsule

Question 17

loose CT given off by the capsule that penetrate and divide the parenchyma into lobules.

Answer 17

septa

Question 18

similar to septa but composed of irregular DWFCT

Answer 18

trabecula

Question 19

parenchyma

Answer 19

• functional part of a solid organ
• groups of cell with a definite arrangement that perform the functions of a particular solid organ
• the cells are supported by a network of fine reticular, elastic or collagen fibers.

Question 20

anatomic bone. anatomic muscle and nervous structures associated with these organs.

Answer 20

musculoskeletal system

Question 21

nervous structures and organs derived from neural ectoderm

Answer 21

nervous system

Question 22

heart that pumps blood and blood vessels that distribute and collect blood to and from all parts of the body

Answer 22

cardiovascular system

Question 23

organs that produce lymphocytes filter blood and lymph

Answer 23

lymphatic system

Question 24

organs that conduct air to and from the lung and structures involved in the actual exchange of gases inside the lung

Answer 24

respiratory system

Question 25

kidney that produces urine and excretory ducts that convey urine from the kidney to outside of the body.

Answer 25

urinary system

Question 26

organs involved in the prehension and digestion of food, excretion of fecal materials and absoption of nutrients.

Answer 26

digestive system

Question 27

ductless glands derived from surface epithelia that secrete hormones

Answer 27

endocrine system

Question 28

organs involved in the production of gametes and ducts that convey the gametes to outside of the body.

Answer 28

reproductive system

Question 29

organs and structures that receive stimuli from the outside environment.

Answer 29

special sense organs

Question 30

system is composed of skeletal muscles that form muscle organs, bones that comprise the bone organs, joints, tendons and nervous structures that act together to perform two specific and related functions, the support and movement of the body.

Answer 30

musculoskeletal system

Question 31

refers to the bone studied in gross anatomy that gives support to the body and serves as a point of attachment of muscles. site of deposition of calcium, the mineral released into the circulating blood when the need

Answer 31

bone organ or anatomic bone

Question 32

develops by endochondral ossification. cylindrical shape, with a wall that surrounds a marrow cavity. encapsulated with periosteum except in the articular surfaces. classified as long and short bone

Answer 32

tubular bone

Question 33

is a tubular bone that forms the skeletal framework of the limbs. example of this bone are femur, radius, and tibia. the articular ends are covered with cartilage

Answer 33

long bone

Question 34

parts of the growing long bone

Answer 34

• diaphysis or shaft • metaphysis • epiphyseal plate • epiphysis

Question 35

middle part or body of the long bone. outer surface of the shaft is covered with a tough collagenous CT, the periosteum that adheres to the surface of the bone.

Answer 35

diaphysis of shaft

Question 36

part of the long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate. site elongation and widening of the long bone. contains newly formed cancellous bone, which consists of columns of bones spicules

Answer 36

metaphysis

Question 37

refer to the two distal ends of a long bone. site of elongation of the anatomic bone and rapid cartilage proliferation.

Answer 37

epiphysis

Question 38

present in long bone of young animal. a narrow zone of growth that separates the metaphysis from the epiphysis

Answer 38

epiphyseal plate or growth plate

Question 39

zone of non-dividing chondrocytes that lie adjacent to the epiphysis. typical hyaline cartilage. anchors the epiphyseal plate to.the epiphysis.

Answer 39

zone of hyaline cartilage

Question 40

has chondrocytes that undergo mitosis. chondrocytes align themselves to form columns or stacks separated by columns of cartilage matrix called longitudinal septae.

Answer 40

zone of proliferation

Question 41

similar to zone 2 in arrangement of chondrocytes but the chondrocytes and lacunae are larger and the columns are more obvious.

Answer 41

zone of maturation

Question 42

a narrow zone adjacent to zone 3. and has a very large swollen chondrocytes and lacunae separated by very thin plates of cartilage called transverse septae.

Answer 42

zone of hypertrophy

Question 43

located adjacent to the metaphysis. consists of degenerating chondrocytes and blood capillaries that originate from the metaphysis

Answer 43

zone of calcification

Question 44

has the same structure as the long bone except that it has no epiphyseal plate.

Answer 44

short bone

Question 45

develops by intramembranous ossification. makes up the bones of the skull/cranium, pelvis and shoulder blade. shaped like a santhich being made up of two layers of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone.

Answer 45

flat bone

Question 46

Muscle organ or anatomic organ

Answer 46

- refers to the skeletal muscles studied in gross anatomy like the gastrocnemius, etc. - anatomic muscles can only contract not relax; - a parenchymatous organ composed muscle fascicle - each muscle fascicle consists of several skeletal myocytes/fibers arranged parallel to each other.

Question 47

presents three gradations of connective tissue investment that transmit the force of contraction:

Answer 47

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 48

Epimysium

Answer 48

- irregular DWFCT capsule that enwraps the whole muscle organ - called fascia by gross anatomists - attached to the end points at which the muscle originates or inserts oil bone. - provides something that contracting muscle to "pull on" so that work can be done. - at the ends of an anatomic muscle the epimysium grades into the tendons that anchor.

Question 49

perimysium

Answer 49

- visible grossly - sheath of collagen fibers that encloses a muscle bundle or muscle fascicle - a muscle fascicle is a group of skeletal myocytes - extends from the epimysium to the interior of the muscle organ - contains blood and lymphatic vessels and muscle stretch receptors

Question 50

endomysium

Answer 50

- not visible grossly - a delicate loose connective tissue sheath with collagen and reticular fibers that encloses individual skeletal myocytes - grades without sharp demarcation into the perimysium - collagen fibers are woven together to demarcate bundles of skeletal myocytes - contains an extensive network or capillaries, lymph vessels and afferent nerves - endomysium is crucial to muscle action accomplished

Question 51

Structures associated with bone and muscles organs composed of?

Answer 51

tendon, joint or articulation, afferent nerve endings and efferent nerve endings

Question 52

tendon

Answer 52

- regular DWFCT that attaches muscle organ to bone organ - has tremendous tensile strength - encapsulated by an irregular DWFCT called epitenon - consists of bundles of collagen fibers, which correspond to muscle fascicles - anchored to the bone by fibrous bone sheaths called annular ligaments

Question 53

the ends of collagen fibers embedded in the bone or cartilage

Answer 53

sharpey's fibers

Question 54

structures that unite two or more bones together.

Answer 54

joints

Question 55

morphologically classified into five types as;

Answer 55

° syndesmosis ° synchondrosis ° synostosis ° symphysis ° diarthrosis

Question 56

joint wherein bones are connected by bands of dense white fibrous connective tissue. example is the cranial suture in the skull

Answer 56

syndesmosis

Question 57

joint wherein bones are united by hyaline cartilage. example is epiphyseal plate. and Ultima converted to synostosis.

Answer 57

synchondrosis

Question 58

joint wherein bones that develop separately become fused together.

Answer 58

synostosis

Question 59

joint wherein boned capped by hyaline cartilage are joined by dense white fibrous connective tissue of fibrocartilage.

Answer 59

symphysis

Question 60

joint wherein bones are connected by cartilage and synovial membranes. a sealed unit filled with fluid. consists of the articular cartilage, articular capsule and synovial fluid

Answer 60

diarthrosis or synovial joint

Question 61

forms a cap over the ends of the epiphyses of adjacent tubular bones.

Answer 61

articular cartilage

Question 62

connects with the periosteum of diaphysis at a transition zone called?

Answer 62

perichondral ring

Question 63

contains small flattened chondrocytes

Answer 63

superficial zone

Question 64

contains round chondrocytes arranged in groups or columns perpendicular to the articular surface.

Answer 64

intermediate zone

Question 65

contains mature and hypertrophied chondrocytes

Answer 65

deep zone

Question 66

point of union of articular cartilage and epiphysis.

Answer 66

mineralization zone

Question 67

a sleeve-like structure that covers each end of a cartilage model that enters into the joint and extends along the sides of the model

Answer 67

articular or joint capsule

Question 68

fibroelastic connective tissue that forms the wall of the joint space or cavity. the capsule present sharpey's fibers.

Answer 68

fibrous capsule or layer

Question 69

epithelium and underlying connective tissue that line the inner surface of the fibrous capsule

Answer 69

synovial membrane

Question 70

synovial fluid

Answer 70

- fluid that fills the joint space - a blood transudate with glycosaminoglycans particularly hyaluronic acid - secreted by the lining cells of the synovial membrane - it lubricates and protects the joint surface and provides nourishment to the articular cartilage

Question 71

nervous structures

Answer 71

i. myoneural junction or motor endplate ii. neuromuscular spindle apparatus or muscle spindle iii. neurotendinous organ or golgi tendon organ