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Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) > Organization of Organ > Flashcards

Organization of Organ Flashcards

1
Q

is a structure formed by a combination of two or more basic tissues

A

organ

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2
Q

organs are classified based on their morphology as?

A

tubular and parenchymatous

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3
Q

a hollow organ with a lumen (canal) and a wall

A

tubular organ

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4
Q

the wall consists of four coats or tunics that from the inner most or luminal surface to the outermost of peripheral surface are the?

A

tunica mucosa - tunica submucosa - tunica muscularis - tunica serosa - tunica adventitia

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5
Q

commonly called mucous membrane or wet membrane and kept moist by secretions from lining epithelial or glandular cells of mucosal or submucosal glands.

A

tunica mucosa

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6
Q

the innermost (luminal) coat (tunic) of a tubular organ composed of three layers or laminae. what are these?

A

lining epithelium, lamina propria, and lamina muscularis mucosae

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7
Q

second coat located beneath the tunica mucosa. loose CT, just like the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa. also contain blood vessels, nerves, autonomic ganglia and nerve plexuses. permits motility of tunica mucosa, which is an important feature of most tubular organs

A

tunica submucosa

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8
Q

third coat located beneath the tunica submucosa. generally, smooth muscle tissue arranged into two layers. maintains the tone of organ, size of lumen and movement of materials through the organ.

A

tunica muscularis

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9
Q

outermost coat composed of loose CT with blood vessels, nerves, myenteric ganglia and plexuses, and adipose cells.

A

tunica adventitia or tunica serosa

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10
Q

derived from splanchnic mesoderm, which forms the dorsal mesentery that suspends tubular organs from the dorsal body wall

A

tunica serosa

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11
Q

that suspends the stomach from the dorsal body wall

A

greater omentum

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12
Q

derived from somatic mesoderm that lines body cavities.

A

serous membrane

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13
Q

the serous membrane consists of loose CT overlaid by mesothelium that faces the coelom. a hollow organ with lumen (canal) and a wall.

A

tunica adventitia or tunica serosa

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14
Q

a solid organ composed of a stroma and a parenchyma

A

parenchymatous organ

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15
Q

connective tissue support or framework of a solid organ

A

stroma

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16
Q

loose CT or irregular DWFCT that envelops the solid organ

A

capsule

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17
Q

loose CT given off by the capsule that penetrate and divide the parenchyma into lobules.

A

septa

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18
Q

similar to septa but composed of irregular DWFCT

A

trabecula

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19
Q

parenchyma

A

• functional part of a solid organ
• groups of cell with a definite arrangement that perform the functions of a particular solid organ
• the cells are supported by a network of fine reticular, elastic or collagen fibers.

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20
Q

anatomic bone. anatomic muscle and nervous structures associated with these organs.

A

musculoskeletal system

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21
Q

nervous structures and organs derived from neural ectoderm

A

nervous system

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22
Q

heart that pumps blood and blood vessels that distribute and collect blood to and from all parts of the body

A

cardiovascular system

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23
Q

organs that produce lymphocytes filter blood and lymph

A

lymphatic system

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24
Q

organs that conduct air to and from the lung and structures involved in the actual exchange of gases inside the lung

A

respiratory system

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25
Q

kidney that produces urine and excretory ducts that convey urine from the kidney to outside of the body.

A

urinary system

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26
Q

organs involved in the prehension and digestion of food, excretion of fecal materials and absoption of nutrients.

A

digestive system

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27
Q

ductless glands derived from surface epithelia that secrete hormones

A

endocrine system

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28
Q

organs involved in the production of gametes and ducts that convey the gametes to outside of the body.

A

reproductive system

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29
Q

organs and structures that receive stimuli from the outside environment.

A

special sense organs

30
Q

system is composed of skeletal muscles that form muscle organs, bones that comprise the bone organs, joints, tendons and nervous structures that act together to perform two specific and related functions, the support and movement of the body.

A

musculoskeletal system

31
Q

refers to the bone studied in gross anatomy that gives support to the body and serves as a point of attachment of muscles. site of deposition of calcium, the mineral released into the circulating blood when the need

A

bone organ or anatomic bone

32
Q

develops by endochondral ossification. cylindrical shape, with a wall that surrounds a marrow cavity. encapsulated with periosteum except in the articular surfaces. classified as long and short bone

A

tubular bone

33
Q

is a tubular bone that forms the skeletal framework of the limbs. example of this bone are femur, radius, and tibia. the articular ends are covered with cartilage

A

long bone

34
Q

parts of the growing long bone

A

• diaphysis or shaft
• metaphysis
• epiphyseal plate
• epiphysis

35
Q

middle part or body of the long bone. outer surface of the shaft is covered with a tough collagenous CT, the periosteum that adheres to the surface of the bone.

A

diaphysis of shaft

36
Q

part of the long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate. site elongation and widening of the long bone. contains newly formed cancellous bone, which consists of columns of bones spicules

A

metaphysis

37
Q

refer to the two distal ends of a long bone. site of elongation of the anatomic bone and rapid cartilage proliferation.

A

epiphysis

38
Q

present in long bone of young animal. a narrow zone of growth that separates the metaphysis from the epiphysis

A

epiphyseal plate or growth plate

39
Q

zone of non-dividing chondrocytes that lie adjacent to the epiphysis. typical hyaline cartilage. anchors the epiphyseal plate to.the epiphysis.

A

zone of hyaline cartilage

40
Q

has chondrocytes that undergo mitosis. chondrocytes align themselves to form columns or stacks separated by columns of cartilage matrix called longitudinal septae.

A

zone of proliferation

41
Q

similar to zone 2 in arrangement of chondrocytes but the chondrocytes and lacunae are larger and the columns are more obvious.

A

zone of maturation

42
Q

a narrow zone adjacent to zone 3. and has a very large swollen chondrocytes and lacunae separated by very thin plates of cartilage called transverse septae.

A

zone of hypertrophy

43
Q

located adjacent to the metaphysis. consists of degenerating chondrocytes and blood capillaries that originate from the metaphysis

A

zone of calcification

44
Q

has the same structure as the long bone except that it has no epiphyseal plate.

A

short bone

45
Q

develops by intramembranous ossification. makes up the bones of the skull/cranium, pelvis and shoulder blade. shaped like a santhich being made up of two layers of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone.

A

flat bone

46
Q

Muscle organ or anatomic organ

A
  • refers to the skeletal muscles studied in gross anatomy like the gastrocnemius, etc.
  • anatomic muscles can only contract not relax;
  • a parenchymatous organ composed muscle fascicle
  • each muscle fascicle consists of several skeletal myocytes/fibers arranged parallel to each other.
47
Q

presents three gradations of connective tissue investment that transmit the force of contraction:

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

48
Q

Epimysium

A
  • irregular DWFCT capsule that enwraps the whole muscle organ
  • called fascia by gross anatomists
  • attached to the end points at which the muscle originates or inserts oil bone.
  • provides something that contracting muscle to “pull on” so that work can be done.
  • at the ends of an anatomic muscle the epimysium grades into the tendons that anchor.
49
Q

perimysium

A
  • visible grossly
  • sheath of collagen fibers that encloses a muscle bundle or muscle fascicle
  • a muscle fascicle is a group of skeletal myocytes
  • extends from the epimysium to the interior of the muscle organ
  • contains blood and lymphatic vessels and muscle stretch receptors
50
Q

endomysium

A
  • not visible grossly
  • a delicate loose connective tissue sheath with collagen and reticular fibers that encloses individual skeletal myocytes
  • grades without sharp demarcation into the perimysium
  • collagen fibers are woven together to demarcate bundles of skeletal myocytes
  • contains an extensive network or capillaries, lymph vessels and afferent nerves
  • endomysium is crucial to muscle action accomplished
51
Q

Structures associated with bone and muscles organs composed of?

A

tendon, joint or articulation, afferent nerve endings and efferent nerve endings

52
Q

tendon

A
  • regular DWFCT that attaches muscle organ to bone organ
  • has tremendous tensile strength
  • encapsulated by an irregular DWFCT called epitenon
  • consists of bundles of collagen fibers, which correspond to muscle fascicles
  • anchored to the bone by fibrous bone sheaths called annular ligaments
53
Q

the ends of collagen fibers embedded in the bone or cartilage

A

sharpey’s fibers

54
Q

structures that unite two or more bones together.

A

joints

55
Q

morphologically classified into five types as;

A

° syndesmosis
° synchondrosis
° synostosis
° symphysis
° diarthrosis

56
Q

joint wherein bones are connected by bands of dense white fibrous connective tissue. example is the cranial suture in the skull

A

syndesmosis

57
Q

joint wherein bones are united by hyaline cartilage. example is epiphyseal plate. and Ultima converted to synostosis.

A

synchondrosis

58
Q

joint wherein bones that develop separately become fused together.

A

synostosis

59
Q

joint wherein boned capped by hyaline cartilage are joined by dense white fibrous connective tissue of fibrocartilage.

A

symphysis

60
Q

joint wherein bones are connected by cartilage and synovial membranes. a sealed unit filled with fluid. consists of the articular cartilage, articular capsule and synovial fluid

A

diarthrosis or synovial joint

61
Q

forms a cap over the ends of the epiphyses of adjacent tubular bones.

A

articular cartilage

62
Q

connects with the periosteum of diaphysis at a transition zone called?

A

perichondral ring

63
Q

contains small flattened chondrocytes

A

superficial zone

64
Q

contains round chondrocytes arranged in groups or columns perpendicular to the articular surface.

A

intermediate zone

65
Q

contains mature and hypertrophied chondrocytes

A

deep zone

66
Q

point of union of articular cartilage and epiphysis.

A

mineralization zone

67
Q

a sleeve-like structure that covers each end of a cartilage model that enters into the joint and extends along the sides of the model

A

articular or joint capsule

68
Q

fibroelastic connective tissue that forms the wall of the joint space or cavity. the capsule present sharpey’s fibers.

A

fibrous capsule or layer

69
Q

epithelium and underlying connective tissue that line the inner surface of the fibrous capsule

A

synovial membrane

70
Q

synovial fluid

A
  • fluid that fills the joint space
  • a blood transudate with glycosaminoglycans particularly hyaluronic acid
  • secreted by the lining cells of the synovial membrane
  • it lubricates and protects the joint surface and provides nourishment to the articular cartilage
71
Q

nervous structures

A

i. myoneural junction or motor endplate
ii. neuromuscular spindle apparatus or muscle spindle
iii. neurotendinous organ or golgi tendon organ

Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) (15 decks)

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