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Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) > Circulatory System (Cardiovascular) > Flashcards

Circulatory System (Cardiovascular) Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart.

A

arteries

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2
Q

tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cell, and then back to the veins. This facilitate interchange of nutrients/waste between blood and organ.

A

capillaries

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3
Q

A large vessel that handles high pressure, high volume blood flow exiting the ventricles.

A

elastic artery

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4
Q

The inner most lining of the heart and is the cardiac equivalent of the tunica intima.

A

endocardium

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5
Q

A highly specialized cell type that covers the luminal surface of a vascular structure.

A

endothelial cells

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6
Q

Outside surface of the heart comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium.

A

epicardium

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7
Q

Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system.

A

lymphatics

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8
Q

Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle.

A

myocardium

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9
Q

Sac-like structure that encloses the heart.

A

pericardium

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10
Q

Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signal through the myocardium ensuring coordinated contraction.

A

purkinje fibers

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11
Q

The outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves.

A

tunica adventitia

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12
Q

The middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle.

A

tunica media

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13
Q

blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, Thinner walled vascular structures are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart in most cases.

A

veins

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14
Q

a muscular tubular organ that pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and receives deoxygenated blood from these body parts.

A

heart

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15
Q

cardiac wall composed of three layers, from outside to the heart lumen

A

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

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16
Q

inner portion of the CT envelope that surrounds the heart

A

epicardium

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17
Q

a special simple squamous epithelium that covers the epicardium

A

mesothelium

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18
Q

thin loose connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and adipose cells

A

subepicardial layer

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19
Q

Myocardium

A

✓ middle muscular layer of the cardiac wall
✓ lies internal to the subepithelial layer
✓ thickest layer that corresponds to the t. muscularis of tubular organ
✓ composed of a highly vascular ordinary cardiac muscle tissue and purkinje fibers

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20
Q

endocardium

A

✓ innermost and thinnest layer of the cardiac wall and forms the cardiac valves
✓ corresponds to the t. mucosa of a tubular organ

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21
Q

folds of endocardium that guard the major orifices of the heart.

A

cardiac valves

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22
Q

guard the left atrioventricular canal

A

bicuspid valves

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23
Q

guard the right atrioventricular canal

A

tricuspid valves

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24
Q

guard the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk

A

semilunar valves

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25
Q

structures that support the cardiac valves and cardiac muscles

A

cardiac skeleton

26
Q

fibrous portion of the interventricular septum

A

septum membranaceum

27
Q

mass of fibrous tissue located between the atrioventricular canals

A

trigonum fibrosum

28
Q

tubular organs of various diameters that transport blood from and to the heart

A

blood vessels

29
Q

in large vessels the layers from the lumen outward are the?

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

30
Q

innermost layer that faces the lumen of blood vessels

A

tunica intima

31
Q

tunica intima composed of three distinct sublayers namely;

A

✓ endothelium
✓ subendothelial coat
✓ elastica interna or internal elastic membrane

32
Q

second or middle layer of the wall of blood and lymph vessels.

A

tunica media

33
Q

the outermost and third layer of the blood vessel wall

A

tunica adventitia

34
Q

present in tunica adventitia of large blood vessels

A

nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum

35
Q

three major types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, veins

36
Q

Arteries

A

✓ carry a low volume of blood under high pressure at a high velocity away from the heart to the capillaries
✓ present thick walls and relatively small lumens.
✓ the thickest layer of the wall is the tunica media
✓ classified as ELASTIC or LARGE ARTERIES, MUSCULAR or DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES

37
Q

very smaller arteries with special construction, having relatively narrow lumens and relatively thick walls

A

arterioles

38
Q

CAPILLARIES

A

✓ the smallest and the most numerous type of blood vessels
✓ site of exchange of nutrients and waste products of metabolism as well as of oxygen and carbon dioxide
✓ carry large volume of blood under appreciably diminished pressure and velocity
✓ very thin wall only endothelium resting on a basal lamina
✓ lumen diameter it so small it can only accommodate one RBC at a time

39
Q

large, irregular capillary-type vessel

A

sinusoids

40
Q

larger than sinusoids. lined by nonphagocytic endothelial cells that rest on a discontinuous basal lamina.

A

sinuses

41
Q

vessels that return blood from the tissues to the heart. carry a large volume of blood at very low pressures and velocities.

A

veins

42
Q

veins are classified into four major groups according to size as?

A

✓ venules
✓ small veins
✓ medium veins
✓ large veins

43
Q

primary lymphatic organ in mammals.

A

thymus

44
Q

present only in birds

A

bursa of fabricius

45
Q

absent in birds except swamp, sea and shore birds.

A

lymph node

46
Q

derived from muscular arteries during embryonic development, as cul-de-sacs, blind pouches.

A

hemal node

47
Q

also called hemorrhagic lymph node. present only in ruminants

A

hemolymph node

48
Q

a flaccid bag that serves as a storage site for blood, and a processing station for the scavenging of aged erythrocytes.

A

spleen

49
Q

the parenchyma consist of while pulp and red pulp

A

spleen

50
Q

made up of a pale centrally located germinal center and dark peripheral mantle layer or zone.

A

splenic corpuscles

51
Q

inappropriately called central, artery because it is not an artery but an arteriole.

A

splenic arteriole

52
Q

a sleeve of lymphocytes arranged along the splenic arteriole and blends with the mantle layer of white pulp.

A

periarterial sheath

53
Q

anastomosing cords of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages separated by sinuses.

A

splenic cords

54
Q

tiny venous spaces between splenic cords. contain a few erythrocytes and the normal circulating white blood cells

A

blood sinuses

55
Q

run in bundles resembling hairs of a paintbrush.

A

penicillar arterioles

56
Q

spleen with few trabeculae but abundant white pulp.

A

defensive type

57
Q

spleen with many trabeculae and few, large white pulp.

A

storage type

58
Q

spleen with more or less equal number and distribution of white pulp and trabeculae.

A

intermediate type

59
Q

very small lymphatic organ present only in birds located under the eye.

A

hardenian gland

60
Q

are tubular structures that collect and transport lymph from body tissues to the heart

A

lymphatic vessels

61
Q

are a feature of most of the larger lymphatic vessels, and are closer together than in veins.

A

valves

Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) (15 decks)

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