Circulatory System (Cardiovascular) Flashcards
blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart.
arteries
tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cell, and then back to the veins. This facilitate interchange of nutrients/waste between blood and organ.
capillaries
A large vessel that handles high pressure, high volume blood flow exiting the ventricles.
elastic artery
The inner most lining of the heart and is the cardiac equivalent of the tunica intima.
endocardium
A highly specialized cell type that covers the luminal surface of a vascular structure.
endothelial cells
Outside surface of the heart comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium.
epicardium
Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system.
lymphatics
Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle.
myocardium
Sac-like structure that encloses the heart.
pericardium
Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signal through the myocardium ensuring coordinated contraction.
purkinje fibers
The outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves.
tunica adventitia
The middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle.
tunica media
blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, Thinner walled vascular structures are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart in most cases.
veins
a muscular tubular organ that pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and receives deoxygenated blood from these body parts.
heart
cardiac wall composed of three layers, from outside to the heart lumen
epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
inner portion of the CT envelope that surrounds the heart
epicardium
a special simple squamous epithelium that covers the epicardium
mesothelium
thin loose connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and adipose cells
subepicardial layer
Myocardium
✓ middle muscular layer of the cardiac wall
✓ lies internal to the subepithelial layer
✓ thickest layer that corresponds to the t. muscularis of tubular organ
✓ composed of a highly vascular ordinary cardiac muscle tissue and purkinje fibers
endocardium
✓ innermost and thinnest layer of the cardiac wall and forms the cardiac valves
✓ corresponds to the t. mucosa of a tubular organ
folds of endocardium that guard the major orifices of the heart.
cardiac valves
guard the left atrioventricular canal
bicuspid valves
guard the right atrioventricular canal
tricuspid valves
guard the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk
semilunar valves
structures that support the cardiac valves and cardiac muscles
cardiac skeleton
fibrous portion of the interventricular septum
septum membranaceum
mass of fibrous tissue located between the atrioventricular canals
trigonum fibrosum
tubular organs of various diameters that transport blood from and to the heart
blood vessels
in large vessels the layers from the lumen outward are the?
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
innermost layer that faces the lumen of blood vessels
tunica intima
tunica intima composed of three distinct sublayers namely;
✓ endothelium
✓ subendothelial coat
✓ elastica interna or internal elastic membrane
second or middle layer of the wall of blood and lymph vessels.
tunica media
the outermost and third layer of the blood vessel wall
tunica adventitia
present in tunica adventitia of large blood vessels
nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum
three major types of blood vessels
arteries, capillaries, veins
Arteries
✓ carry a low volume of blood under high pressure at a high velocity away from the heart to the capillaries
✓ present thick walls and relatively small lumens.
✓ the thickest layer of the wall is the tunica media
✓ classified as ELASTIC or LARGE ARTERIES, MUSCULAR or DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES
very smaller arteries with special construction, having relatively narrow lumens and relatively thick walls
arterioles
CAPILLARIES
✓ the smallest and the most numerous type of blood vessels
✓ site of exchange of nutrients and waste products of metabolism as well as of oxygen and carbon dioxide
✓ carry large volume of blood under appreciably diminished pressure and velocity
✓ very thin wall only endothelium resting on a basal lamina
✓ lumen diameter it so small it can only accommodate one RBC at a time
large, irregular capillary-type vessel
sinusoids
larger than sinusoids. lined by nonphagocytic endothelial cells that rest on a discontinuous basal lamina.
sinuses
vessels that return blood from the tissues to the heart. carry a large volume of blood at very low pressures and velocities.
veins
veins are classified into four major groups according to size as?
✓ venules
✓ small veins
✓ medium veins
✓ large veins
primary lymphatic organ in mammals.
thymus
present only in birds
bursa of fabricius
absent in birds except swamp, sea and shore birds.
lymph node
derived from muscular arteries during embryonic development, as cul-de-sacs, blind pouches.
hemal node
also called hemorrhagic lymph node. present only in ruminants
hemolymph node
a flaccid bag that serves as a storage site for blood, and a processing station for the scavenging of aged erythrocytes.
spleen
the parenchyma consist of while pulp and red pulp
spleen
made up of a pale centrally located germinal center and dark peripheral mantle layer or zone.
splenic corpuscles
inappropriately called central, artery because it is not an artery but an arteriole.
splenic arteriole
a sleeve of lymphocytes arranged along the splenic arteriole and blends with the mantle layer of white pulp.
periarterial sheath
anastomosing cords of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages separated by sinuses.
splenic cords
tiny venous spaces between splenic cords. contain a few erythrocytes and the normal circulating white blood cells
blood sinuses
run in bundles resembling hairs of a paintbrush.
penicillar arterioles
spleen with few trabeculae but abundant white pulp.
defensive type
spleen with many trabeculae and few, large white pulp.
storage type
spleen with more or less equal number and distribution of white pulp and trabeculae.
intermediate type
very small lymphatic organ present only in birds located under the eye.
hardenian gland
are tubular structures that collect and transport lymph from body tissues to the heart
lymphatic vessels
are a feature of most of the larger lymphatic vessels, and are closer together than in veins.
valves
