Circulatory System (Cardiovascular)

Question 1

blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart.

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cell, and then back to the veins. This facilitate interchange of nutrients/waste between blood and organ.

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

A large vessel that handles high pressure, high volume blood flow exiting the ventricles.

Answer 3

elastic artery

Question 4

The inner most lining of the heart and is the cardiac equivalent of the tunica intima.

Answer 4

endocardium

Question 5

A highly specialized cell type that covers the luminal surface of a vascular structure.

Answer 5

endothelial cells

Question 6

Outside surface of the heart comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium.

Answer 6

epicardium

Question 7

Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system.

Answer 7

lymphatics

Question 8

Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle.

Answer 8

myocardium

Question 9

Sac-like structure that encloses the heart.

Answer 9

pericardium

Question 10

Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signal through the myocardium ensuring coordinated contraction.

Answer 10

purkinje fibers

Question 11

The outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 11

tunica adventitia

Question 12

The middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle.

Answer 12

tunica media

Question 13

blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, Thinner walled vascular structures are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart in most cases.

Answer 13

veins

Question 14

a muscular tubular organ that pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and receives deoxygenated blood from these body parts.

Answer 14

heart

Question 15

cardiac wall composed of three layers, from outside to the heart lumen

Answer 15

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 16

inner portion of the CT envelope that surrounds the heart

Answer 16

epicardium

Question 17

a special simple squamous epithelium that covers the epicardium

Answer 17

mesothelium

Question 18

thin loose connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and adipose cells

Answer 18

subepicardial layer

Question 19

Myocardium

Answer 19

✓ middle muscular layer of the cardiac wall
✓ lies internal to the subepithelial layer
✓ thickest layer that corresponds to the t. muscularis of tubular organ
✓ composed of a highly vascular ordinary cardiac muscle tissue and purkinje fibers

Question 20

endocardium

Answer 20

✓ innermost and thinnest layer of the cardiac wall and forms the cardiac valves
✓ corresponds to the t. mucosa of a tubular organ

Question 21

folds of endocardium that guard the major orifices of the heart.

Answer 21

cardiac valves

Question 22

guard the left atrioventricular canal

Answer 22

bicuspid valves

Question 23

guard the right atrioventricular canal

Answer 23

tricuspid valves

Question 24

guard the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk

Answer 24

semilunar valves

Question 25

structures that support the cardiac valves and cardiac muscles

Answer 25

cardiac skeleton

Question 26

fibrous portion of the interventricular septum

Answer 26

septum membranaceum

Question 27

mass of fibrous tissue located between the atrioventricular canals

Answer 27

trigonum fibrosum

Question 28

tubular organs of various diameters that transport blood from and to the heart

Answer 28

blood vessels

Question 29

in large vessels the layers from the lumen outward are the?

Answer 29

tunica intima tunica media tunica adventitia

Question 30

innermost layer that faces the lumen of blood vessels

Answer 30

tunica intima

Question 31

tunica intima composed of three distinct sublayers namely;

Answer 31

✓ endothelium ✓ subendothelial coat ✓ elastica interna or internal elastic membrane

Question 32

second or middle layer of the wall of blood and lymph vessels.

Answer 32

tunica media

Question 33

the outermost and third layer of the blood vessel wall

Answer 33

tunica adventitia

Question 34

present in tunica adventitia of large blood vessels

Answer 34

nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum

Question 35

three major types of blood vessels

Answer 35

arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 36

Arteries

Answer 36

✓ carry a low volume of blood under high pressure at a high velocity away from the heart to the capillaries ✓ present thick walls and relatively small lumens. ✓ the thickest layer of the wall is the tunica media ✓ classified as ELASTIC or LARGE ARTERIES, MUSCULAR or DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES

Question 37

very smaller arteries with special construction, having relatively narrow lumens and relatively thick walls

Answer 37

arterioles

Question 38

CAPILLARIES

Answer 38

✓ the smallest and the most numerous type of blood vessels ✓ site of exchange of nutrients and waste products of metabolism as well as of oxygen and carbon dioxide ✓ carry large volume of blood under appreciably diminished pressure and velocity ✓ very thin wall only endothelium resting on a basal lamina ✓ lumen diameter it so small it can only accommodate one RBC at a time

Question 39

large, irregular capillary-type vessel

Answer 39

sinusoids

Question 40

larger than sinusoids. lined by nonphagocytic endothelial cells that rest on a discontinuous basal lamina.

Answer 40

sinuses

Question 41

vessels that return blood from the tissues to the heart. carry a large volume of blood at very low pressures and velocities.

Answer 41

veins

Question 42

veins are classified into four major groups according to size as?

Answer 42

✓ venules ✓ small veins ✓ medium veins ✓ large veins

Question 43

primary lymphatic organ in mammals.

Answer 43

thymus

Question 44

present only in birds

Answer 44

bursa of fabricius

Question 45

absent in birds except swamp, sea and shore birds.

Answer 45

lymph node

Question 46

derived from muscular arteries during embryonic development, as cul-de-sacs, blind pouches.

Answer 46

hemal node

Question 47

also called hemorrhagic lymph node. present only in ruminants

Answer 47

hemolymph node

Question 48

a flaccid bag that serves as a storage site for blood, and a processing station for the scavenging of aged erythrocytes.

Answer 48

spleen

Question 49

the parenchyma consist of while pulp and red pulp

Answer 49

spleen

Question 50

made up of a pale centrally located germinal center and dark peripheral mantle layer or zone.

Answer 50

splenic corpuscles

Question 51

inappropriately called central, artery because it is not an artery but an arteriole.

Answer 51

splenic arteriole

Question 52

a sleeve of lymphocytes arranged along the splenic arteriole and blends with the mantle layer of white pulp.

Answer 52

periarterial sheath

Question 53

anastomosing cords of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages separated by sinuses.

Answer 53

splenic cords

Question 54

tiny venous spaces between splenic cords. contain a few erythrocytes and the normal circulating white blood cells

Answer 54

blood sinuses

Question 55

run in bundles resembling hairs of a paintbrush.

Answer 55

penicillar arterioles

Question 56

spleen with few trabeculae but abundant white pulp.

Answer 56

defensive type

Question 57

spleen with many trabeculae and few, large white pulp.

Answer 57

storage type

Question 58

spleen with more or less equal number and distribution of white pulp and trabeculae.

Answer 58

intermediate type

Question 59

very small lymphatic organ present only in birds located under the eye.

Answer 59

hardenian gland

Question 60

are tubular structures that collect and transport lymph from body tissues to the heart

Answer 60

lymphatic vessels

Question 61

are a feature of most of the larger lymphatic vessels, and are closer together than in veins.

Answer 61

valves