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Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

a genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production.

A

albinism

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2
Q

secretion involves exocytosis of membrane-bound secretory vesicles. This is the major secretion form of epitrichial glands (often referred to as just “apocrine glands”) and eccrine glands.

A

apocrine

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3
Q

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

A

basal cell

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4
Q

extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis the dermis layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

A

dermal papilla

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5
Q

a structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells elastin fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

A

desmosomes

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6
Q

ecretion involves the rupture of the secretory cell, thereby releasing the cytoplasmic contents. This is the major secretion form of sebaceous glands.

A

holocrine

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7
Q

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

A

elastin fibers

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8
Q

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss epidermis outermost tissue layer of the skin

A

eleidin

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9
Q

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

A

hypodermis

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10
Q

skin and its accessory structures

A

integumentary system

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11
Q

A structural protein produced by keratinocytes that contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the epidermis.

A

keratin

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12
Q

a granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

A

keratohyalin

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13
Q

A general term referring to epithelial cells of the epidermis, including those of the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum.

A

keratinocytes

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14
Q

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

A

Langerhans cell

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15
Q

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

A

melanin

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16
Q

Cells derived from the neural crest produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes reside within the basal layers of the epidermis, producing and then transferring melanin to keratinocytes.

A

melanocytes

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17
Q

intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

A

melanosome

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18
Q

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

A

merkel cell

19
Q

superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue reticular layer deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

A

papillary layer

20
Q

Secretory epithelial cells that contribute to the production of sebum, a lipid-rich fluid that coats hair and the epidermis. Clusters of sebocytes comprise sebaceous glands.

A

sebocytes

21
Q

the deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

A

stratum basale

22
Q

is the most superficial layer of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum

23
Q

is the layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

A

stratum granulosum

24
Q

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits

A

stratum lucidum

25
Q

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

26
Q

skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

A

vitiligo

27
Q

three primary components of skin

A

°Epidermis
°Dermis
°Subcutaneous tissue

28
Q

two layers of skin

A

outer epidermis and the dermis

29
Q

are highly keratinized epidermal structures enclosing the distal phalanx

A

hooves and claws

30
Q

primary role of the skin is protection which includes;

A

° protection from physical injury
° including UV light
° providing a barrier to pathogens

31
Q

anatomically, the skin consists of the following structures;

A

° epidermis
° basement membrane zone
° dermis
° appendageal system
° subcutaneous muscles and fat

32
Q

what comprises integumentary system?

A

skin, hair, skin glands, hooves, claws, digital pads, horns and feathers

33
Q

form as outgrowths of the walls of hair follicles

A

sebaceous and sweat glands

34
Q

deep to the hoof is modified forming projections that attach to equivalent epidermal lamellae

A

dermis

35
Q

which derive from surface ectoderm, cover most of the skin in avian species.

A

feathers

36
Q

epidermis from innermost to outermost the layers are;

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

37
Q

two primary functions of the stratum basale

A
  1. proliferation
  2. attachment of the epidermis to the dermis
38
Q

forms of the “floor” of the epidermis and the junction of the epidermis and dermis.

A

basement membrane

39
Q

major functions of the basement membrane

A
  1. forming an adhesion interface
  2. acting as a physical barrier
  3. forms the foundation for the generation
  4. Differentiation
  5. Repair of the epidermal keratinocytes
40
Q

two other cell types are found dispersed among the basal cells in the stratum basale

A

merkel cell and melanocyte

41
Q

cell of the stratum basale attach to the basement membrane via protein structures called;

A

hemidesmosomes

42
Q

are intracellular protein complexes that anchor desmosomes to the cell membranes.

A

tonofilaments

43
Q

function of stratum lucidum

A

to reduce friction

Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) (15 decks)

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