Integumentary System

Question 1

a genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production.

Answer 1

albinism

Question 2

secretion involves exocytosis of membrane-bound secretory vesicles. This is the major secretion form of epitrichial glands (often referred to as just “apocrine glands”) and eccrine glands.

Answer 2

apocrine

Question 3

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

Answer 3

basal cell

Question 4

extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis the dermis layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

Answer 4

dermal papilla

Question 5

a structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells elastin fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

Answer 5

desmosomes

Question 6

ecretion involves the rupture of the secretory cell, thereby releasing the cytoplasmic contents. This is the major secretion form of sebaceous glands.

Answer 6

holocrine

Question 7

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

Answer 7

elastin fibers

Question 8

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss epidermis outermost tissue layer of the skin

Answer 8

eleidin

Question 9

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

Answer 9

hypodermis

Question 10

skin and its accessory structures

Answer 10

integumentary system

Question 11

A structural protein produced by keratinocytes that contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the epidermis.

Answer 11

keratin

Question 12

a granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

Answer 12

keratohyalin

Question 13

A general term referring to epithelial cells of the epidermis, including those of the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum.

Answer 13

keratinocytes

Question 14

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

Answer 14

Langerhans cell

Question 15

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

Answer 15

melanin

Question 16

Cells derived from the neural crest produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes reside within the basal layers of the epidermis, producing and then transferring melanin to keratinocytes.

Answer 16

melanocytes

Question 17

intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

Answer 17

melanosome

Question 18

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

Answer 18

merkel cell

Question 19

superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue reticular layer deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

Answer 19

papillary layer

Question 20

Secretory epithelial cells that contribute to the production of sebum, a lipid-rich fluid that coats hair and the epidermis. Clusters of sebocytes comprise sebaceous glands.

Answer 20

sebocytes

Question 21

the deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

Answer 21

stratum basale

Question 22

is the most superficial layer of the epidermis

Answer 22

stratum corneum

Question 23

is the layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

Answer 23

stratum granulosum

Question 24

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits

Answer 24

stratum lucidum

Question 25

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

Answer 25

stratum spinosum

Question 26

skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

Answer 26

vitiligo

Question 27

three primary components of skin

Answer 27

°Epidermis °Dermis °Subcutaneous tissue

Question 28

two layers of skin

Answer 28

outer epidermis and the dermis

Question 29

are highly keratinized epidermal structures enclosing the distal phalanx

Answer 29

hooves and claws

Question 30

primary role of the skin is protection which includes;

Answer 30

° protection from physical injury ° including UV light ° providing a barrier to pathogens

Question 31

anatomically, the skin consists of the following structures;

Answer 31

° epidermis ° basement membrane zone ° dermis ° appendageal system ° subcutaneous muscles and fat

Question 32

what comprises integumentary system?

Answer 32

skin, hair, skin glands, hooves, claws, digital pads, horns and feathers

Question 33

form as outgrowths of the walls of hair follicles

Answer 33

sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 34

deep to the hoof is modified forming projections that attach to equivalent epidermal lamellae

Answer 34

dermis

Question 35

which derive from surface ectoderm, cover most of the skin in avian species.

Answer 35

feathers

Question 36

epidermis from innermost to outermost the layers are;

Answer 36

stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum

Question 37

two primary functions of the stratum basale

Answer 37

1. proliferation 2. attachment of the epidermis to the dermis

Question 38

forms of the "floor" of the epidermis and the junction of the epidermis and dermis.

Answer 38

basement membrane

Question 39

major functions of the basement membrane

Answer 39

1. forming an adhesion interface 2. acting as a physical barrier 3. forms the foundation for the generation 4. Differentiation 5. Repair of the epidermal keratinocytes

Question 40

two other cell types are found dispersed among the basal cells in the stratum basale

Answer 40

merkel cell and melanocyte

Question 41

cell of the stratum basale attach to the basement membrane via protein structures called;

Answer 41

hemidesmosomes

Question 42

are intracellular protein complexes that anchor desmosomes to the cell membranes.

Answer 42

tonofilaments

Question 43

function of stratum lucidum

Answer 43

to reduce friction