Integumentary System Flashcards
a genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production.
albinism
secretion involves exocytosis of membrane-bound secretory vesicles. This is the major secretion form of epitrichial glands (often referred to as just “apocrine glands”) and eccrine glands.
apocrine
type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis
basal cell
extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis the dermis layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures
dermal papilla
a structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells elastin fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis
desmosomes
ecretion involves the rupture of the secretory cell, thereby releasing the cytoplasmic contents. This is the major secretion form of sebaceous glands.
holocrine
fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis
elastin fibers
clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss epidermis outermost tissue layer of the skin
eleidin
connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle
hypodermis
skin and its accessory structures
integumentary system
A structural protein produced by keratinocytes that contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the epidermis.
keratin
a granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum
keratohyalin
A general term referring to epithelial cells of the epidermis, including those of the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum.
keratinocytes
specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage
Langerhans cell
pigment that determines the color of hair and skin
melanin
Cells derived from the neural crest produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes reside within the basal layers of the epidermis, producing and then transferring melanin to keratinocytes.
melanocytes
intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis
melanosome
receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch
merkel cell
superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue reticular layer deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers
papillary layer
Secretory epithelial cells that contribute to the production of sebum, a lipid-rich fluid that coats hair and the epidermis. Clusters of sebocytes comprise sebaceous glands.
sebocytes
the deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells
stratum basale
is the most superficial layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
is the layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits
stratum lucidum
layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes
stratum spinosum
skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches
vitiligo
three primary components of skin
°Epidermis
°Dermis
°Subcutaneous tissue
two layers of skin
outer epidermis and the dermis
are highly keratinized epidermal structures enclosing the distal phalanx
hooves and claws
primary role of the skin is protection which includes;
° protection from physical injury
° including UV light
° providing a barrier to pathogens
anatomically, the skin consists of the following structures;
° epidermis
° basement membrane zone
° dermis
° appendageal system
° subcutaneous muscles and fat
what comprises integumentary system?
skin, hair, skin glands, hooves, claws, digital pads, horns and feathers
form as outgrowths of the walls of hair follicles
sebaceous and sweat glands
deep to the hoof is modified forming projections that attach to equivalent epidermal lamellae
dermis
which derive from surface ectoderm, cover most of the skin in avian species.
feathers
epidermis from innermost to outermost the layers are;
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
two primary functions of the stratum basale
- proliferation
- attachment of the epidermis to the dermis
forms of the “floor” of the epidermis and the junction of the epidermis and dermis.
basement membrane
major functions of the basement membrane
- forming an adhesion interface
- acting as a physical barrier
- forms the foundation for the generation
- Differentiation
- Repair of the epidermal keratinocytes
two other cell types are found dispersed among the basal cells in the stratum basale
merkel cell and melanocyte
cell of the stratum basale attach to the basement membrane via protein structures called;
hemidesmosomes
are intracellular protein complexes that anchor desmosomes to the cell membranes.
tonofilaments
function of stratum lucidum
to reduce friction
