Blood and hematopoiesis

Question 1

refers to the peripheral or circulating blood in the cardiovascular system. it is a special type of adult connective tissue in the sense that its major component is fluid.

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

refers to the development of the various blood cells

Answer 2

hematopoiesis or blood formation

Question 3

Blood Characteristics

Answer 3

• special connective tissue since it has all the three basic components of a CT and its principal component is fluid in the form of plasma.
• medium through which gases, nutrients and waste products of metabolism are transported inside the body.
• volume in large domestic animals is 8-11% of the total body weight and laboratory animals is 6-7%

Question 4

major component of blood

Answer 4

fluid

Question 5

transparent yellow liquid vehicle for blood cells.

Answer 5

plasma

Question 6

plasma without fibrinogen

Answer 6

serum

Question 7

serum proteins

Answer 7

✓ albumin
✓ globulins
✓ serum lipoproteins

Question 8

provide for solubility of hydrophobic components like lipids.

Answer 8

albumin

Question 9

Globulins are;

Answer 9

✓ gamma globulins - lgG
✓ beta globulins - for hormone transport
✓ transferrin - for iron transport
✓ ceruloplasmin - for copper transport

Question 10

Serum lipoproteins are;

Answer 10

✓ chylomicrons - for fatty acid transport
✓ very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
✓ low density lipoproteins (LDL)
✓ high density lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 11

very minimal; only the fibrous type called?

Answer 11

fibrin

Question 12

is latent in normal blood and occurs in the form of fibrinogen.

Answer 12

fibrin

Question 13

is converted to fibrin only in response to injury

Answer 13

fibrinogen

Question 14

the second component of blood

Answer 14

cells

Question 15

cells of mammalian blood

Answer 15

✓ erythrocytes or red blood cells
✓ leukocytes or white blood cells
✓ platelets - cell fragments of megakaryocytes

Question 16

Erythrocytes

Answer 16

✓ appearance of RBC in Blood Smear
✓ round with a pale center and dark periphery
✓ is like a double concave lens with rounded ends and a thin middle part
✓ maybe crenated and is like a tiny ball with spikes
✓ maybe overlap in a rouleaux

Question 17

RBC does not undergo any structural changes

Answer 17

isotonic solution

Question 18

RBC swells and becomes spherical

Answer 18

hypotonic solution

Question 19

RBC shrinks irregularly and becomes cremated

Answer 19

hypertonic solution

Question 20

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through its hemoglobin component which combines with these gases.

Answer 20

RBC (erythrocyte)

Question 21

histological features of erythrocytes

Answer 21

✓ biconcave form gives 20-30% greater surface area than the spherical form
✓ absence of nucleus allows more space for gases
✓ round edges and resilient elastic structure protects the erythrocytes from injury and allow them to bend at bifurcations in capillaries

Question 22

Leukocyte or WBC

Answer 22

✓ true cells with nuclei and organelles
✓ perform their function after leaving blood circulation and migrate to the connective tissue
✓ leave the blood vessels by squeezing through the BV wall by diapedesis, using amoeboid motion

Question 23

Leukocyte or WBC are subdivided into two major categories;

Answer 23

• granulocytes
• agranulocytes

Question 24

Granulocytes

Answer 24

° inclusions in the cytoplasm
° lobulated or segmented nucleus
° classified as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils according to the staining reaction of the specific granules

Question 25

Agranulocytes

Answer 25

° no inclusions in the cytoplasm
° non-lobulated or non-segmented nucleus
° classified as lymphocyte and monocytes

Question 26

the most common form of leukocyte in primates, dogs, cats and horses

Answer 26

neutrophils

Question 27

2 functional type of agranulocytes (lymphocytes)

Answer 27

° t cells
° b cells

Question 28

agranulocytes: lymphocytes has?

Answer 28

20-25% of total blood cells

Question 29

is for bursa of fabricius in birds where the b cells are initially produced.

Answer 29

b lymphocytes or b cells

Question 30

is for thymus where the t cells are initially produced. populate the paracortical zones of lymphatic nodules and the periarterial zones of splenic corpuscles. considered as the small lymphocytes in the circulating blood. responsible for the cell mediated immune response

Answer 30

t lymphocytes or t cells

Question 31

cytoplasmic fragments of lare cells in the bone marrow which are released into the circulating blood called?

Answer 31

megakaryocytes

Question 32

present a dark blue or purple granular center called;

Answer 32

granulomere

Question 33

a thin, pale blue periphery called?

Answer 33

hyalomere

Question 34

instead of neutrophil, what is present in avian?

Answer 34

heterophil

Question 35

has a bilobed or multilobed nucleus and a pale blue cytoplasm packed with refractile or translucent homogeneous granules.

Answer 35

eosinophil

Question 36

are more numerous in avian than in mammalian blood

Answer 36

basophils

Question 37

instead of platelets, avian blood smear presents?

Answer 37

thrombocytes

Question 38

hematopoiesis starts with the stem cell called?

Answer 38

hemocytoblast

Question 39

blood stem cells divide into;

Answer 39

1. myeloid stem cells
2. lymphoid stem cells

Question 40

development and maturation of erythrocytes

Answer 40

erythropoiesis

Question 41

development and maturation of granulocytes

Answer 41

myelopoiesis or granulopoiesis

Question 42

development of platelets and thrombocytes

Answer 42

lymphopoiesis

Question 43

stage of lymphoxytopoiesis

Answer 43

✓ hemocytoblast stage
✓ lymphoblast stage
✓ prolymphocyte stage
✓ lymphocyte stage

Question 44

occurs only when thymus and bursa of fabricius still exist.

Answer 44

lymphocytopoiesis

Question 45

multiply and mature in the red bone marrow.

Answer 45

neutrophils