Blood and hematopoiesis Flashcards
refers to the peripheral or circulating blood in the cardiovascular system. it is a special type of adult connective tissue in the sense that its major component is fluid.
blood
refers to the development of the various blood cells
hematopoiesis or blood formation
Blood Characteristics
- special connective tissue since it has all the three basic components of a CT and its principal component is fluid in the form of plasma.
- medium through which gases, nutrients and waste products of metabolism are transported inside the body.
- volume in large domestic animals is 8-11% of the total body weight and laboratory animals is 6-7%
major component of blood
fluid
transparent yellow liquid vehicle for blood cells.
plasma
plasma without fibrinogen
serum
serum proteins
✓ albumin
✓ globulins
✓ serum lipoproteins
provide for solubility of hydrophobic components like lipids.
albumin
Globulins are;
✓ gamma globulins - lgG
✓ beta globulins - for hormone transport
✓ transferrin - for iron transport
✓ ceruloplasmin - for copper transport
Serum lipoproteins are;
✓ chylomicrons - for fatty acid transport
✓ very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
✓ low density lipoproteins (LDL)
✓ high density lipoproteins (HDL)
very minimal; only the fibrous type called?
fibrin
is latent in normal blood and occurs in the form of fibrinogen.
fibrin
is converted to fibrin only in response to injury
fibrinogen
the second component of blood
cells
cells of mammalian blood
✓ erythrocytes or red blood cells
✓ leukocytes or white blood cells
✓ platelets - cell fragments of megakaryocytes
Erythrocytes
✓ appearance of RBC in Blood Smear
✓ round with a pale center and dark periphery
✓ is like a double concave lens with rounded ends and a thin middle part
✓ maybe crenated and is like a tiny ball with spikes
✓ maybe overlap in a rouleaux
RBC does not undergo any structural changes
isotonic solution
RBC swells and becomes spherical
hypotonic solution
RBC shrinks irregularly and becomes cremated
hypertonic solution
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through its hemoglobin component which combines with these gases.
RBC (erythrocyte)
histological features of erythrocytes
✓ biconcave form gives 20-30% greater surface area than the spherical form
✓ absence of nucleus allows more space for gases
✓ round edges and resilient elastic structure protects the erythrocytes from injury and allow them to bend at bifurcations in capillaries
Leukocyte or WBC
✓ true cells with nuclei and organelles
✓ perform their function after leaving blood circulation and migrate to the connective tissue
✓ leave the blood vessels by squeezing through the BV wall by diapedesis, using amoeboid motion
Leukocyte or WBC are subdivided into two major categories;
• granulocytes
• agranulocytes
Granulocytes
° inclusions in the cytoplasm
° lobulated or segmented nucleus
° classified as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils according to the staining reaction of the specific granules
Agranulocytes
° no inclusions in the cytoplasm
° non-lobulated or non-segmented nucleus
° classified as lymphocyte and monocytes
the most common form of leukocyte in primates, dogs, cats and horses
neutrophils
2 functional type of agranulocytes (lymphocytes)
° t cells
° b cells
agranulocytes: lymphocytes has?
20-25% of total blood cells
is for bursa of fabricius in birds where the b cells are initially produced.
b lymphocytes or b cells
is for thymus where the t cells are initially produced. populate the paracortical zones of lymphatic nodules and the periarterial zones of splenic corpuscles. considered as the small lymphocytes in the circulating blood. responsible for the cell mediated immune response
t lymphocytes or t cells
cytoplasmic fragments of lare cells in the bone marrow which are released into the circulating blood called?
megakaryocytes
present a dark blue or purple granular center called;
granulomere
a thin, pale blue periphery called?
hyalomere
instead of neutrophil, what is present in avian?
heterophil
has a bilobed or multilobed nucleus and a pale blue cytoplasm packed with refractile or translucent homogeneous granules.
eosinophil
are more numerous in avian than in mammalian blood
basophils
instead of platelets, avian blood smear presents?
thrombocytes
hematopoiesis starts with the stem cell called?
hemocytoblast
blood stem cells divide into;
- myeloid stem cells
- lymphoid stem cells
development and maturation of erythrocytes
erythropoiesis
development and maturation of granulocytes
myelopoiesis or granulopoiesis
development of platelets and thrombocytes
lymphopoiesis
stage of lymphoxytopoiesis
✓ hemocytoblast stage
✓ lymphoblast stage
✓ prolymphocyte stage
✓ lymphocyte stage
occurs only when thymus and bursa of fabricius still exist.
lymphocytopoiesis
multiply and mature in the red bone marrow.
neutrophils
