Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

• have a ring structure, made up of C H20
• monosaccharide (glucose)
• Polysaccharides (glycogen- animal starch)(starch, cellulose-plants)
• Energy
  -Fruits, vegetables, breads, pasta
• 3%
  Include polysaccharides, which contain disaccharides, composed of 2 monosaccharides

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

-insoluble in water, glycerol has 3 carbons, fatty acid tails, saturated/unsaturated fats
- 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails
- add carbon to fatty acids
- long term energy storage hormones, insulation, padding
- fats, oils, waxes
-males: 12-18%
-Females: 18-24%
include triglycerides, which are composed of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

-contain nitrogen (in addition to C H O), 20 amino acids
- amino group (-NH2)/ Carboxyl group
- amino acids
- polypeptides, proteins
- build muscle and bone, transport substances, fight disease, control reactions
- meat
-body weight: 20%
composed of peptides, which are composed of amino acids

Question 4

Nucleic Acids

Answer 4

-DNA, RNA, Nucleotides consist of: 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases
- Nucleotides (nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate)
- DNA/ RNA
- Inherited characteristics (genes)
- anything plant or animal derived
include RNA and DNA, which are composed of nucleotides

Question 5

High energy compounds

Answer 5

• energy stored in glucose transformed into useable energy for the cell, battery analogy
  -adenosine (nucleotide)/ phosphate groups
• additional phosphate group (ATP)
  -usable energy for cells
  -anything plant or animal derived
  include ATP, which is composed of a nucleotide, and phosphate groups