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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

the nervous system

A

-“communication system”
-monitors internal and external environments
-evaluates sensory information
-coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses of organ systems
-arrangment
=layout of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

neurons

A

cells that transmit electrical signals

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3
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  • sensory (receptors)
  • interneurons (analysis and coordination)
  • motor (effectors)
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4
Q

neuroglia

A

support neurons

  • regulate environment
  • provide supporting framework
  • act as phagocyte
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5
Q

myelination

A
  • a type of neuroglial cell (oligodendrocyte) wraps itself in several thin layers around a neuron
  • acts as an insulator
  • made mostly of lipids (phospholipid bilayer)
  • makes action potential travel faster down the axon
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6
Q

speed of an impulse

A

different neurons conduct impulses at different speeds

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7
Q

what are impulses dependent on?

A

the diameter of the axon involved

-fatter axon= faster impulse

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8
Q

muscle contraction (fast or slow)

A

fast

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9
Q

anxiety/ panic during fight or flight (fast or slow)

A

slow

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10
Q

light touch or pressure sensation (fast or slow)

A

fast

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11
Q

pain (fast or slow)

A

slow

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12
Q

what does the cell membrane separate

A

separates the excessive amounts of + charges on the outside from an excess of - charges on the inside of a cell
-K+, Na+, Cl-, Protein-

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13
Q

what are the diseases of the synapse

A 
\/ GABA/ dopamine^
 - epilepsy 
Serotonin \/
 -  Bulimia
Dopamine 
 - \/ Parkinson's disease 
 - ^ schizophrenia 
Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine 
 - Depression
 - Bipolar disorder
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14
Q

central nervous system

A

relays messages, processes information, analyzes information
- the brain and spinal chord

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15
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

sensory division

motor division

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16
Q

sensory division

A

impulses from sense organs go to CNS

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17
Q

motor division

A

impulses from CNS go to muscles or glands

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18
Q

what does the central nervous system consist of?

A

the brain, brain stem, spinal chord

  • protected by bone
  • wrapped in meninges (protective layers)
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • dura matter
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19
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

bathes brain, act as shock absorber

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20
Q

dura mater

A

(“hard mother”) outermost covering

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21
Q

what hemisphere divides your brain?

A

the longitudinal fissure

-linked by corpus callosum

22
Q

left hemisphere

A

speech, language-based skills, mathematical tasks, logical decision making

23
Q

right hemisphere

A

analyzes sensory information
3-d spatial awareness
emotional context

24
Q

how many lobes of the brain are there?

A

4 lobes

parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal

25
Q

frontal lobe

A

main decision making, voluntary movements, intellectual behaviors

26
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, ears located there, emotions, memory processing

27
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory awareness, sense of taste, abstract reasoning, body imaging

28
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision, memory of vision

29
Q

cerebellum

A

controls muscle memory, like things you do not think about, ex: driving a car

30
Q

thalamus

A

sits underneath the corpus callosum

regulates consciousness, directs different pieces of info to parts of the brain, ex: smelling purfume

31
Q

brain stem

A

consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

- controls functions like breathing and heart rate

32
Q

pons

A

sensory information is controlled here, direction it to different parts of the body

33
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies

34
Q

white matter

A

axons (white= fat of myelin sheath)

35
Q

male brain

A

wired w/ more connections in each hemisphere

more white matter (connective cables)

36
Q

female brain

A

wired with more connections between hemispheres

more gray matter (computational tissue)

37
Q

comparing male v. female brains: cerebellum

A

opposite connection pattern

38
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

lies outside of the CNS

  • consists of all nerves and associated cells not a part of the brains or spinal cord
    • includes the cranial nerves
  • Is divided inso sensory and motor divisions
    • motor division is further subdivided into 2 divisions
39
Q

the somatic nervous system

A

regulates activities under conscious control

  • movement of skeletal muscle (anything under your control)
  • some involved in reflexes (not under your control)
40
Q

Reflex arch

A

the path that an impulse travels from sensory detection to muscle action

  • usually opposes original stimulus
    • monosynaptic
    • polysnaptic
41
Q

monosynaptic reflex

A
  • aka stretch or “knee jerk”
  • sensory neuron interacts directly with the motor neuron
  • one muscle is involved
42
Q

polysnaptic reflex

A
  • aka “withdrawl”
  • interneurons involved
  • controls several muscle groups
43
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

-regulates activities NOT under your control
- automatic, involuntary
-divided according to “opposite” actions
sypathetic and parasypathetic

44
Q

sypathetic

A

(fight or flight)
accelerator
requires quick action

45
Q

parasypathetic

A

(rest and digest/ feed and breed)
brakes
does not require quick action

46
Q

eyes S vs P

A

S: pupil dilation, focus for distance
P: pupil constriction, focus for near

47
Q

Salivary Glands S vs P

A

S: Production decreased
P: production is increased

48
Q

Bronchi S vs P

A

S: increase in diameter
P: decrease in diameter

49
Q

Heart Rate S vs P

A

S: increases
P: decreases

50
Q

Stomach S vs P

A

S: decreases activity
P: Gastric juice secreted, activity increases

51
Q

Bladder S vs P

A

S: Wall relaxed
P: wall contracted

Anatomy (17 decks)

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