Immune System

Question 1

what is the name for the bodies multiple layers of protection that target dangerous invaders?

Answer 1

the immune system

Question 2

List the two levels of defense that humans have against pathogens what do their names mean?

Answer 2

• Nonspecific “innate” defenses; nonspecific means that the defenses work against any kind of pathogen; innate means something you’re born with
• specific immunity; specific means that certain immune cells respond only to certain pathogen’s

Question 3

What are two types of Ater barriers that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens?

Answer 3

The skin and mucous membranes

Question 4

How are pathogens able to get past the body’s first line of defense?

Answer 4

Through breaks in the skin, or by being beathed in or ingested

Question 5

Well it is a phagocyte?

Answer 5

It is a kind of white blood cell that can surround and take in pathogen’s it finds in body tissues

Question 6

What are the two classes of white blood cells that cause the body to develop immunity to certain pathogen’s, and where do they form?

Answer 6

• T cells; they are produced in bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland
• B cells; they are produced in the bone marrow

Question 7

How do vaccines work?

Answer 7

By mimicking disease agents in stimulating the immune system to build up defenses against them

Question 8

A vaccine is described as a pathogen imposter why is this?

Answer 8

A vaccine looks like a pathogen to the body, but it is unable to cause disease

Question 9

What is an antigen?

Answer 9

A substance found on the surface of a pathogen or other foreign body; it provokes the immune system

Question 10

Where in the body do immune system cells cluster

Answer 10

Lymph node’s

Question 11

What are the immune system’s antibody factories?

Answer 11

Plasma B cells

Question 12

What does the analogy “lock and key” describe?

Answer 12

The tight fit of a specific antibody to a specific antigen

Question 13

How does the immune system’s response to infection by a pathogen after vaccination differ from the response the vaccination?

Answer 13

The muni response to infection is stronger and faster than it would have been without vaccination

Question 14

What is the name for the immune system’s response to a vaccine?

Answer 14

Primary response

Question 15

What is the name for the immune system’s response to infection by a pathogen against which an individual has been vaccinated?

Answer 15

Secondary response

Question 16

What is the name for the immune system cells that protect the body from future infections by a specific pathogen?

Answer 16

Memory cells (or memory B cells, memory T-helper cells, memory killer T cells)

Question 17

Vaccine antigen

Answer 17

The part of a vaccine that triggers and immune response

Question 18

Antigen presenting cell

Answer 18

A seller finds antigens, digest them, and displays a piece of an antigen it digest on the surface of the cell membrane; a.k.a. APC

Question 19

Antibodies

Answer 19

Y shaped proteins that attach to foreign antigens to inactivate them or trigger other immune cells to engulf or destroy them

Question 20

Naïve killer T cells

Answer 20

AT&T cell that has not yet been activated; it must be activated by an APC before it can find and destroy infected cells

Question 21

Active killer T cell

Answer 21

A cell that finds and destroys infected cells

Question 22

Memory killer T cells

Answer 22

A cell that continues to circulate in the body and search for infected cells that display a pathogen is antigen that resembles the vaccines antigen

Question 23

Naïve B cell

Answer 23

In immature B cell; a beast sell that matures into a cell that produces antibodies after it encounters an antigen

Question 24

Plasma B cell

Answer 24

Cell that produces and releases antibodies specific to a particular antigen

Question 25

Memory b cell

Answer 25

A cell that detects invaders that contain or display the antigen use in a vaccine and begins the production of antibodies

Question 26

Memory T-helper cells

Answer 26

A cell that continues to circulate in the body and search for APC’s the present an antigen that resamples the vaccine antigen

Question 27

T helper cell

Answer 27

A cell that releases signals to the immune system and makes the response to an antigen stronger