Immune System Flashcards
what is the name for the bodies multiple layers of protection that target dangerous invaders?
the immune system
List the two levels of defense that humans have against pathogens what do their names mean?
- Nonspecific “innate” defenses; nonspecific means that the defenses work against any kind of pathogen; innate means something you’re born with
- specific immunity; specific means that certain immune cells respond only to certain pathogen’s
What are two types of Ater barriers that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens?
The skin and mucous membranes
How are pathogens able to get past the body’s first line of defense?
Through breaks in the skin, or by being beathed in or ingested
Well it is a phagocyte?
It is a kind of white blood cell that can surround and take in pathogen’s it finds in body tissues
What are the two classes of white blood cells that cause the body to develop immunity to certain pathogen’s, and where do they form?
- T cells; they are produced in bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland
- B cells; they are produced in the bone marrow
How do vaccines work?
By mimicking disease agents in stimulating the immune system to build up defenses against them
A vaccine is described as a pathogen imposter why is this?
A vaccine looks like a pathogen to the body, but it is unable to cause disease
What is an antigen?
A substance found on the surface of a pathogen or other foreign body; it provokes the immune system
Where in the body do immune system cells cluster
Lymph node’s
What are the immune system’s antibody factories?
Plasma B cells
What does the analogy “lock and key” describe?
The tight fit of a specific antibody to a specific antigen
How does the immune system’s response to infection by a pathogen after vaccination differ from the response the vaccination?
The muni response to infection is stronger and faster than it would have been without vaccination
What is the name for the immune system’s response to a vaccine?
Primary response
What is the name for the immune system’s response to infection by a pathogen against which an individual has been vaccinated?
Secondary response
What is the name for the immune system cells that protect the body from future infections by a specific pathogen?
Memory cells (or memory B cells, memory T-helper cells, memory killer T cells)
Vaccine antigen
The part of a vaccine that triggers and immune response
Antigen presenting cell
A seller finds antigens, digest them, and displays a piece of an antigen it digest on the surface of the cell membrane; a.k.a. APC
Antibodies
Y shaped proteins that attach to foreign antigens to inactivate them or trigger other immune cells to engulf or destroy them
Naïve killer T cells
AT&T cell that has not yet been activated; it must be activated by an APC before it can find and destroy infected cells
Active killer T cell
A cell that finds and destroys infected cells
Memory killer T cells
A cell that continues to circulate in the body and search for infected cells that display a pathogen is antigen that resembles the vaccines antigen
Naïve B cell
In immature B cell; a beast sell that matures into a cell that produces antibodies after it encounters an antigen
Plasma B cell
Cell that produces and releases antibodies specific to a particular antigen
Memory b cell
A cell that detects invaders that contain or display the antigen use in a vaccine and begins the production of antibodies
Memory T-helper cells
A cell that continues to circulate in the body and search for APC’s the present an antigen that resamples the vaccine antigen
T helper cell
A cell that releases signals to the immune system and makes the response to an antigen stronger
