Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Electrons

A

the lightest subatomic particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isotopes

A
  • have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

- are different from one another by their mass number only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

unstable isotopes are

A

radioactive- spontaneously emit radioactive particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atomic mass number

A

tell us the number of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atomic weight

A

the average mass of an elements atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what makes an atom unstable?

A

having an unfilled outer electron shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first electron shell

A

2 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

second electron shell

A

8 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atoms with unfilled outer electron shells can achieve stability by

A

sharing gaining or losing electrons through chemical reactions w/ other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chemical bonds

A

hold the participating atoms together once the reaction has ended
- produces molecules and compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

molecules

A

chemical structures that contain more than one atom bonded together by shared electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

compound

A

any chemical substance made up of atoms of 2 or more elements
- is a new chemical substance w/ properties that can be different from those of its component elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ionic bonds

A

chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cations

A

ions with a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anions

A

ions with a negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

covalent bonds

A

when atoms share electrons with other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

single covalent bond

A

sharing of one pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

double covalent bond

A

sharing of 2 pairs of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

non polar covalent bonds

A

electrons are shared equally, remain electrically neutral, make up most of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

polar covalent

A

has an unequal sharing between atoms one end is slightly neg/ one is slightly positive
ex: water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hydrogen bond

A

attraction between a slight positive charge of the hydrogen atom of one polar covalent bond and a weak negative charge on an oxygen or nitrogen atom of another polar covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

water molecules attract because of what?

A

hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

surface tension

A

acts as a barrier that keeps small objects from entering the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

chemical notation

A

complex chemical compounds and reactions that are most easily described with a simple form of “chemical shorthand”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chemical reactions

A

new chemical bonds form between atoms or existing bonds between atoms are broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

work

A

is movement or a change in the physical structure of matter

ex: running, walking, water to water vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

energy

A

is the capacity to perform work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

30
Q

potential energy

A

is stored energy

31
Q

decompositon

A

breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

ex: digestion

32
Q

hydrolisis

A

one of the bonds in a complex molecule are broken, and the components of a water molecule are added to the resulting fragments

33
Q

catabolism

A

refers to the decomposition reactions of complex molecules within cells. cells harness energy from broken covalent bonds

34
Q

synthesis

A

assembles larger molecules from smaller components

35
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

condensation, formation of a complex molecule by the removal of water
opposite of hydrolysis

36
Q

anabolism

A

is the synthesis of new compounds in the body

37
Q

exchange reaction

A

parts of the reacting molecules are shuffled around

38
Q

equilibrium

A

the rates of 2 reactions are in balance

39
Q

activation energy

A

amount of energy required to start a reaction

40
Q

enzymess

A

are used to speed up the reactions that support life

41
Q

catalysts

A

compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed

42
Q

exergonic

A

reactions that release energy/ the energy released is greater than the activation energy

43
Q

endergonic

A

more energy is required to begin the reaction than is released as it proceeds/ the reaction as a whole will absorb energy

44
Q

nutrients

A

the essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet

45
Q

metabolites

A

include all of the molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies

46
Q

inorganic compounds

A

small molecules that do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

47
Q

organic compounds

A

are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, can be much larger and more complex than inorganic compounds

48
Q

3 properties of water

A
  • water is a good solvent
  • water has a very high heat capacity
  • water is an essential reactant in the chemical reactions of living systems
49
Q

solution

A

consists of a uniform mixture of a fluid solvent and dissolved solutes

50
Q

ionization

A

inorganic compounds held together by ionic bonds/ ionic bonds are broken down and surrounded by water

51
Q

an aqueous solution containing anions and cations can do what?

A

conduct electrical current

52
Q

acid

A

any substance that breaks apart in solution to release hydrogen ions

53
Q

base

A

substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution

54
Q

pH

A

a number between 0 and 14, pure water is 7(neutral) below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic or alkaline

55
Q

buffers

A

compounds that stabilize pH by removing or replacing hydrogen ions

56
Q

salt

A

ionic compound consisting of any cation except a hydrogen ion and any anion except a hydroxide ion

57
Q

electrolytes

A

inorganic compounds whose ions can conduct an electrical current in solution

58
Q

steroids

A

are large lipid molecules composed of four connected rings of carbon atoms

59
Q

cholesterol

A

is the best known steroid

60
Q

phospholipids

A

consist of glycerol and 2 fatty acids, linked to a nonlipid group by a phosphate group

61
Q

structural poteins

A

create 3 dimensional framework for the body, provides strength support and organizationSUPPORT

62
Q

contractile proteins

A

responsible for muscular contraction MOVEMENT

63
Q

transport proteins

A

TRANSPORT insoluble liquids, respiratory gases, minerals such as iron, and several hormones are carried in the blood attacted to this

64
Q

protein hormones

A

can influence the metabolic activities of every cell in the body or affect the function of specific organs or organ systems

65
Q

antibodies

A

protect us from disease

66
Q

clotting proteins

A

restrict bleeding following an injury to the cardiovascular system

67
Q

amino acids

A

20, are the bilding blocks of proteins

68
Q

peptide bond

A

amino acids are strung together like beads on a string, with the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid attached to the amino group of another

69
Q

peptides

A

molecules made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

70
Q

denaturation

A

a change in their 3-D shape

Anatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions