Oral Bacteria B- Exam III Flashcards
Pyogenic infections association with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:
dentoalveolar infections
Dentoalveolar infections are ___ infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:
pyogenic
Endodontic infections are ___ infections that are ___.
endogenous; opportunistic
Growth in the laboratory on artificial growth media:
cultivation
Bacteria cultivated most frequently in root canal infections include:
- bacteroides
- prevotella
List the possible causes of dentoalveolar abscesses:
- spread from carious lesion
- spread through periodontal membrane an accessory root canals
- anachoresis
- tooth fracture/wear
traveling of bacteria during bacteria from tooth extraction at different site via pulpal blood supply:
anachoresis
Anachoresis traveling occurs via:
pulpal blood supply
The pathways by which microorganisms may invade the pulp and periapical tissues include:
- from apical foramen
- via PDL
- via bloodstream (anachoresis)
List the facultative anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:
- streptococcus
- actinomyces
List the obligate anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:
- peptostreptococcus
- porphyromonas ginigivalis
- prevotella
- fusobacterium nucleatum
a spreading bilateral infection of the sublingual and submandibular spaces involving cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation:
Ludwig’s Angina
Ludwig’s angina involves ____ rather than ____.
cellulitis rather than abscess formation
bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin
cellulitis
Ludwigs angina is considered a ___ infection
mixed endogenous
List the bacteria species found in Ludwig’s angina:
- polyphyromonas
- prevotella
- fusobacteria
- anaerobic streptococci
What is the main concern for Ludgwig’s Angina:
airway obstruction (death by asphyxiation)
Localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontist
periodontal abscess
A periodontal abscess is a ___ infection character by ___
endogenous; sub gingival plaque bacteria
Many bacteria are associated with a periodontal abscess making this a ____ disease
polymicrobial
List the bacterial species that are commonly found in periodontal abscesses:
- porphyromonas
- prevotella
- fusobacteria
- anaerobic streptococci
Involves the same organisms as a periodontal abscess but involves bone:
suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws
List the bacterial species that are commonly found in suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw:
- porphyromonas
- prevotella
- fusobacteria
- anaerobic streptococci
An endogenous, granulomatous disease, characterized by painful abscesses in the mouth often caused by recent dental work dislodging bacteria giving them access to adjacent tissue:
cervicofacial actinomycosis
65% of cervicofacial actinomycosis occurs in the ____ region
cervicofacial
What bacteria is responsible for crevicofacial actinomycosis?
actinomyces (oral commensal)
What is a characteristic sign of cervicofacial actinomycosis?
visible granules in pus “sulphur granules”
The “sulphur granules” characteristic of actinomycosis are composed of:
collections of bacteria (NOT ACTUALLY SULPHUR)
List the oral manifestations of syphilis:
- Hutchinson’s incisors
- mulberry molars
- primary & secondary syphilis lesions
- gummas (granulomatous lesions)
List the oral manifestations of tuberculosis:
oral lesions in up to 5% of primary and secondary tuberculosis cases- ulcers on palate and gingiva
For the disease leprosy, there are many:
oral manifestations
List three disease in which we see bacterial oral manifestations:
- syphillis
- tuberculosis
- leprosy
Bacterial infections of salivary glands often involve what bacteria?
staphylococcus
Diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria and their components:
- infective endocarditis
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- nephritis
- rheumatoid arthiritis
- behcet’s syndrome
- atherosclerosis
- low-birth-weight infants
Chronic inflammatory disorder with oral ulcers associated with oral bacteria and their components
behcet’s syndrome
What type of interactions are characteristic of infective endocarditis?
platelet streptococcal interactions
Infective endocarditis:
circulating platelets adhere to ___ on exposed on damaged heart valves.
collagen
Infective endocarditis:
During polymicrobial bacteremia, oral streptococci bind to the activated adherent platelets through:
expressed adhesins & PAAP
Infective endocarditis:
____ activates and induces additional platelets to aggregate on the heart valve
PAAP
PAAP =
platelet aggregation-associated protein
PAAP is a platelet aggregation-associated protein that is:
streptococcal surface protein (adhesin)
Infective endocarditis:
Aggregation involves the cross-linking of platelets to one another by:
fibrinogen molecules
Infective endocarditis:
The fibrinogen molecules that induces the cross-lining of platelets are polymerized into ____ by ___, forming an insoluble thrombus or platelet clot
fibrin by thrombin
Infective endocarditis:
Released platelet granules contain ____ including platelet microbicidal protein, which may limit the valvular infection by sensitive bacteria
innate antimicrobials
Infective endocarditis:
_____ accumulate on the exterior of the septic thrombus as an inflammatory response is initiated
leukocytes
Other possible associations between oral microbes and system disease includes: (2)
- heat shock proteins
- auto recognition induced by oral microorganisms
Because microbial HSPs are very similar to human HSPs that are normally shielded within cells, antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can ___ with exposed ___ (in damaged tissues)
cross-react; human HSPs
If microbial HSPs cross-react with human HSPs in damaged tissues, this can result in:
immune complexes being deposited into arterial walls, joints, and mucous membranes
What aspect of HSPs can contribute to systemic diseases?
HSP mimicry
For auto recognition induced by oral microorganisms, streptococcus sanguines express an ____ within _____ which is similar to the arthritogenic ____ of ____.
epitope within PAAP; epitope of type II collagen
In the gingival sulcus, bacteria and their PAMPS such as LPS affect underlying tissues, causing:
local inflammation
One mechanisms in which their is a link between dental disease and systemic inflammation is due to high levels of _____ (TNF-alpha & IL-1B) may enter circulation and induce the liver to produce ____, such as CRP.
inflammatory mediators; acute-phase reactants
One mechanisms in which their is a link between dental disease and systemic inflammation may be due to the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and IL-1B acting on ___ in existing atherosclerotic plaques, causing exacerbation of the disease
monocytes
Innate host oral defenses include:
- mucosal barrier
- defensins
- adherent mucin layer
- commensal oral microbiota
Innate host defense of oral surfaces that contain TLRs that recognize PAMPs
the mucosal barrier
Innate host defense of oral surfaces that are small peptides that form pores in bacterial membranes, disrupting cells:
Give an example:
defensins
Human beta-defensing 1 (HBD-1)
The main defense produced by epithelial cells:
HBD-1
Why are bacterial membranes so susceptible to defensins?
due to their high phospholipid content
Innate host defense of oral surfaces in which mucins are attached to mucosal surfaces to form a selectively permeable layer (a mucous coat analogous to a bacterial capsule)
Adherent mucin layer
The adherent mucin layer of the innate host defense is analogous to:
a bacterial capsule
Mucins are ___ and their ___ portion forms a sticky, slippery gel
glycoprotein; carbohydrate
What are the mucins in the oral cavity?
MG1 and MG2
Innate host defense of oral surfaces including on tooth surfaces, in which endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria, and stimulate the immune system:
commensal oral microbiota
What innate host defense of oral surfaces can be disease causing when balance shifts?
Commensal oral microbiota
The fluid phase innate host defense is:
saliva
How much saliva is secreted per day into the mouth?
0.5-1.5 liters
The fluid phase of the innate host defense:
contain ___ that aggregate and clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions:
What are two specific examples?
mucins; MG1, MG2
Mucins work via:
lectin-like interactions
An innate host defense found in the saliva that degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG and NAM
lysozyme aka (muramidase)
