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microbiology > Oral Bacteria B- Exam III > Flashcards

Oral Bacteria B- Exam III Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pyogenic infections association with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:

A

dentoalveolar infections

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2
Q

Dentoalveolar infections are ___ infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:

A

pyogenic

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3
Q

Endodontic infections are ___ infections that are ___.

A

endogenous; opportunistic

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4
Q

Growth in the laboratory on artificial growth media:

A

cultivation

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5
Q

Bacteria cultivated most frequently in root canal infections include:

A
  1. bacteroides
  2. prevotella
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6
Q

List the possible causes of dentoalveolar abscesses:

A
  1. spread from carious lesion
  2. spread through periodontal membrane an accessory root canals
  3. anachoresis
  4. tooth fracture/wear
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7
Q

traveling of bacteria during bacteria from tooth extraction at different site via pulpal blood supply:

A

anachoresis

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8
Q

Anachoresis traveling occurs via:

A

pulpal blood supply

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9
Q

The pathways by which microorganisms may invade the pulp and periapical tissues include:

A
  1. from apical foramen
  2. via PDL
  3. via bloodstream (anachoresis)
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10
Q

List the facultative anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

A
  1. streptococcus
  2. actinomyces
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11
Q

List the obligate anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

A
  1. peptostreptococcus
  2. porphyromonas ginigivalis
  3. prevotella
  4. fusobacterium nucleatum
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12
Q

a spreading bilateral infection of the sublingual and submandibular spaces involving cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation:

A

Ludwig’s Angina

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13
Q

Ludwig’s angina involves ____ rather than ____.

A

cellulitis rather than abscess formation

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14
Q

bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin

A

cellulitis

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15
Q

Ludwigs angina is considered a ___ infection

A

mixed endogenous

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16
Q

List the bacteria species found in Ludwig’s angina:

A
  1. polyphyromonas
  2. prevotella
  3. fusobacteria
  4. anaerobic streptococci
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17
Q

What is the main concern for Ludgwig’s Angina:

A

airway obstruction (death by asphyxiation)

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18
Q

Localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontist

A

periodontal abscess

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19
Q

A periodontal abscess is a ___ infection character by ___

A

endogenous; sub gingival plaque bacteria

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20
Q

Many bacteria are associated with a periodontal abscess making this a ____ disease

A

polymicrobial

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21
Q

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in periodontal abscesses:

A
  1. porphyromonas
  2. prevotella
  3. fusobacteria
  4. anaerobic streptococci
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22
Q

Involves the same organisms as a periodontal abscess but involves bone:

A

suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws

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23
Q

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw:

A
  1. porphyromonas
  2. prevotella
  3. fusobacteria
  4. anaerobic streptococci
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24
Q

An endogenous, granulomatous disease, characterized by painful abscesses in the mouth often caused by recent dental work dislodging bacteria giving them access to adjacent tissue:

A

cervicofacial actinomycosis

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25
Q

65% of cervicofacial actinomycosis occurs in the ____ region

A

cervicofacial

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26
Q

What bacteria is responsible for crevicofacial actinomycosis?

A

actinomyces (oral commensal)

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27
Q

What is a characteristic sign of cervicofacial actinomycosis?

A

visible granules in pus “sulphur granules”

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28
Q

The “sulphur granules” characteristic of actinomycosis are composed of:

A

collections of bacteria (NOT ACTUALLY SULPHUR)

29
Q

List the oral manifestations of syphilis:

A
  1. Hutchinson’s incisors
  2. mulberry molars
  3. primary & secondary syphilis lesions
  4. gummas (granulomatous lesions)
30
Q

List the oral manifestations of tuberculosis:

A

oral lesions in up to 5% of primary and secondary tuberculosis cases- ulcers on palate and gingiva

31
Q

For the disease leprosy, there are many:

A

oral manifestations

32
Q

List three disease in which we see bacterial oral manifestations:

A
  1. syphillis
  2. tuberculosis
  3. leprosy
33
Q

Bacterial infections of salivary glands often involve what bacteria?

A

staphylococcus

34
Q

Diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria and their components:

A
  1. infective endocarditis
  2. disseminated intravascular coagulation
  3. nephritis
  4. rheumatoid arthiritis
  5. behcet’s syndrome
  6. atherosclerosis
  7. low-birth-weight infants
35
Q

Chronic inflammatory disorder with oral ulcers associated with oral bacteria and their components

A

behcet’s syndrome

36
Q

What type of interactions are characteristic of infective endocarditis?

A

platelet streptococcal interactions

37
Q

Infective endocarditis:

circulating platelets adhere to ___ on exposed on damaged heart valves.

A

collagen

38
Q

Infective endocarditis:

During polymicrobial bacteremia, oral streptococci bind to the activated adherent platelets through:

A

expressed adhesins & PAAP

39
Q

Infective endocarditis:

____ activates and induces additional platelets to aggregate on the heart valve

A

PAAP

40
Q

PAAP =

A

platelet aggregation-associated protein

41
Q

PAAP is a platelet aggregation-associated protein that is:

A

streptococcal surface protein (adhesin)

42
Q

Infective endocarditis:

Aggregation involves the cross-linking of platelets to one another by:

A

fibrinogen molecules

43
Q

Infective endocarditis:

The fibrinogen molecules that induces the cross-lining of platelets are polymerized into ____ by ___, forming an insoluble thrombus or platelet clot

A

fibrin by thrombin

44
Q

Infective endocarditis:

Released platelet granules contain ____ including platelet microbicidal protein, which may limit the valvular infection by sensitive bacteria

A

innate antimicrobials

45
Q

Infective endocarditis:

_____ accumulate on the exterior of the septic thrombus as an inflammatory response is initiated

A

leukocytes

46
Q

Other possible associations between oral microbes and system disease includes: (2)

A
  1. heat shock proteins
  2. auto recognition induced by oral microorganisms
47
Q

Because microbial HSPs are very similar to human HSPs that are normally shielded within cells, antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can ___ with exposed ___ (in damaged tissues)

A

cross-react; human HSPs

48
Q

If microbial HSPs cross-react with human HSPs in damaged tissues, this can result in:

A

immune complexes being deposited into arterial walls, joints, and mucous membranes

49
Q

What aspect of HSPs can contribute to systemic diseases?

A

HSP mimicry

50
Q

For auto recognition induced by oral microorganisms, streptococcus sanguines express an ____ within _____ which is similar to the arthritogenic ____ of ____.

A

epitope within PAAP; epitope of type II collagen

51
Q

In the gingival sulcus, bacteria and their PAMPS such as LPS affect underlying tissues, causing:

A

local inflammation

52
Q

One mechanisms in which their is a link between dental disease and systemic inflammation is due to high levels of _____ (TNF-alpha & IL-1B) may enter circulation and induce the liver to produce ____, such as CRP.

A

inflammatory mediators; acute-phase reactants

53
Q

One mechanisms in which their is a link between dental disease and systemic inflammation may be due to the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and IL-1B acting on ___ in existing atherosclerotic plaques, causing exacerbation of the disease

A

monocytes

54
Q

Innate host oral defenses include:

A
  1. mucosal barrier
  2. defensins
  3. adherent mucin layer
  4. commensal oral microbiota
55
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that contain TLRs that recognize PAMPs

A

the mucosal barrier

56
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that are small peptides that form pores in bacterial membranes, disrupting cells:

Give an example:

A

defensins

Human beta-defensing 1 (HBD-1)

57
Q

The main defense produced by epithelial cells:

A

HBD-1

58
Q

Why are bacterial membranes so susceptible to defensins?

A

due to their high phospholipid content

59
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces in which mucins are attached to mucosal surfaces to form a selectively permeable layer (a mucous coat analogous to a bacterial capsule)

A

Adherent mucin layer

60
Q

The adherent mucin layer of the innate host defense is analogous to:

A

a bacterial capsule

61
Q

Mucins are ___ and their ___ portion forms a sticky, slippery gel

A

glycoprotein; carbohydrate

62
Q

What are the mucins in the oral cavity?

A

MG1 and MG2

63
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces including on tooth surfaces, in which endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria, and stimulate the immune system:

A

commensal oral microbiota

64
Q

What innate host defense of oral surfaces can be disease causing when balance shifts?

A

Commensal oral microbiota

65
Q

The fluid phase innate host defense is:

A

saliva

66
Q

How much saliva is secreted per day into the mouth?

A

0.5-1.5 liters

67
Q

The fluid phase of the innate host defense:
contain ___ that aggregate and clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions:

What are two specific examples?

A

mucins; MG1, MG2

68
Q

Mucins work via:

A

lectin-like interactions

69
Q

An innate host defense found in the saliva that degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG and NAM

A

lysozyme aka (muramidase)

microbiology (24 decks)

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