Option B: Psych, HL Content

Question 1

B.5.1 Outline the term talent.

Answer 1

Talent is a multidimensional concept identified by characteristics that are only partially genetically determined. It involves psychological as well as physiological, motor, sociological and environmental factors.

Question 2

B.5.2 Distinguish between talent identification (TI) and multidimensional talent identification and development (TID) processes.

Answer 2

Talent identification (TI) in sport refers to the process of recognizing current athletes with potential for attaining expert performance.

Talent development (TD), on the other hand, concerns developing athletes into world-class performers through a series of intervention programs such as physical training. To pursuit excellence in sport, many sport organizations have either initiated and/or adopted TI/TD schemes

Question 3

B.5.3 Explain the evolution of talent for athlete development.

Answer 3

1. Initiation stage: young athletes are introduced to organized sports and during which they are identified as talented athletes; lower amount of deliberate practice and higher amount of deliberate play. Practice is more coach or parent led. Involvement in several sports
2. Development stage: athletes become more dedicated to their sport and the amount of training and level of specialization are increased. Balanced amount of deliberate of play and deliberate practice. Practice is more coach or parent led. Reduced involvement in several sports.
3. Mastery stage: which athletes reach their highest level of athletic proficiency. lower amount of deliberate play and higher amount of deliberate practice. Practice becomes more athlete led. Specialisation in one sport
4. Maintenance (perfection) stage

Question 4

B.5.4 Outline talent transfer for elite athletes changing to a second sport.

Answer 4

Talent transfer: reduction or cessation of participation in one sport in order to pursue another sport that involves similar skills or physiological requirements

It may be prompted by injury, a plateau in performance, loss of motivation or retirement.

It may be initiated by the athlete or coordinated by a sporting organization.

It commonly prolongs an athlete’s sporting career and can lead to greater success than that in the first sport.

Question 5

B.6.1Describe self-determination theory (SDT).

Answer 5

Self-determination theory (SDT) describes how the level and the amount of energy that athletes devote to learning activities is a dynamic continuum characterized by a balance between:

AUTONOMY
COMPETENCE
RELATEDNESS

Question 6

Define these 3 terms
AUTONOMY
COMPETENCE
RELATEDNESS

Answer 6

AUTONOMY:
Making one’s own decisions
about what we do and being in control of ourselves and our behaviours (for example,
training because you want to, not because someone says you should)
COMPETENCE:
Feeling able to accomplish
a task (for example, completing a cross country run without having to stop for a rest)
RELATEDNESS:
The feeling of a shared
experience with others, of belonging to and being accepted by a group (for example, being part of a basketball team)

Question 7

B.6.2 Describe self-regulated learning (SRL).

Answer 7

Refers to the processes that assist learners in managing their own thoughts, behaviours and emotions in order to control their own learning experiences.
Encourages athletes to become more independent in their learning and so enhances learning outcomes.
Athletes exert this control by planning and regulating their own actions towards their learning goals.

Question 8

B.6.3 Discuss the relationship between self-regulated learning and motivation in sports.

Answer 8

Forethought phase (goal-setting and planning)
2. Monitoring phase (tracking progress and awareness of current performance in relation to goals)
3. Control phase (adapting learning strategies to better complete the task)
4. Reflection phase (evaluating performance with respect to goals and the effectiveness of the chosen strategy)
Self-reflections influence athletes’ future planning/goals, prompting the cycle to begin again

Question 9

(Traditional) Talent identification (TI) processes include:

Answer 9

Objective testing:
Physiological (such as aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, speed and strength).
Anthropometric (such as height, weight, body composition)
Performance-based (such as skill and agility).

Question 10

The evolution of talent can be facilitated through the application of psychological behaviours that include:

Answer 10

mental imagery
realistic goal setting
effective evaluation of performance/self-evaluation
Self-reinforcement
training to a high intensity (outside comfort zone)
handling failure
performance arousal and control.

Question 11

Multidimensional talent identification and development (TID):

Answer 11

Multidimensional talent identification and development (TID): recognizes that talent also evolves as a result of an athlete actively interacting with the environment and having the resilience to cope with the challenges and setbacks they encounter.