6.2 Study Design Flashcards
Outline the importance of specificity with regard to
fitness testing.
6.2.1
Specificity-
Fitness tests must assess an individual’s fitness for the activity or sport in question.
Outline the importance of validity with regard to
fitness testing.
6.2.1
Validity-
wether you test/measure what you claim to test/measure
Outline the importance of reliability with regard to
fitness testing.
6.2.1
Reliability-
“Degree to which a measure would produce the same result from one occasion to another”
- Inter-researcher reliability-
wether different researchers in the same situation would get similar results - Test-Retest Reliability-
doing the same test on different occasions with same or similar results
Outline the importance of accuracy with regard to
fitness testing.
6.2.1
Accuracy-
Degree to which a measurement represents the true value of something (How close a measurement is to the true value)
What are the important components (when researching) in the context of the sport and exercise sciences.
6.2.2
Control groups
Random Allocation/Randomised groups
Blind experiments
Double-Blind experiments
Placebo
Discuss the importance of random allocation in the context of the sport and exercise sciences.
6.2.2
Random allocation of participants avoids sampling bias.
In an experiment you do not choose better candidates for the experiment to work how we want it to, participants are assigned randomly. Candidates can be grouped together based on their experiences, so they are evenly matched. Base this on a pre test.
Discuss the importance of placebo in the context of the sport and exercise sciences.
6.2.2
A placebo is a fake treatment, such as a sugar pill. Placebos are given to the control group to account for a psychological phenomenon called the placebo effect, in which patients receiving a fake treatment still report having a response, as if it were the real treatment.
Discuss the importance of a blind experiment in the context of the sport and exercise sciences.
6.2.2
Blind experiment -> participants are not aware what treatment they are subjected to (may be control or treatment group).
Attempt to control participant bias and placebo affect wont impact data.
Discuss the importance of double-blind experiments in the context of the sport and exercise sciences.
6.2.2
Double-blind experiments control for potential bias on the part of both participant and researchers. Neither are aware of which subjects received treatment or didn’t.
What is a PAR-Q? When would you use it?
6.2.3
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
-1-page form to see if a person should check with their doctor before becoming much more physically active
Why are PAR-Q’s necessary?
6.2.3
- Before asking someone to take part in a physical test, to make sure that taking part in the test will not put their health at risk
-Before asking someone to undertake physical activity, asking for training advice, joining a sports or exercise club
What happens if a person answers “Yes” to a PAR-Q question?
6.2.3
If a person answers “Yes” to one or more questions they must see a doctor before undertaking any physical tests, training programmes or playing sports.
Evaluate field vs laboratory tests of human performance.
6.2.4
Field test - any test outside of a laboratory
Advantages: equipment usually easier to get.
-sometimes used study participants’ behaviour unaware being observed
Disadvantages: less accurate and reliable, usually many confounding variables
Laboratory test: any test carried out in a laboratory
Advantages: more accurate & more variables can be controlled.
Disadvantages: more difficult to have access to laboratories and equipment needed, may lead to a lack of external validity
Evaluate submaximal and maximal tests of human performance.
6.2.4
Submaximal test- designed for the average person -> won’t reach one’s max
Maximal test- any test properly is an accurate test. Being physically sick is a sign that you have hit your max. E.g beep test until you collapse -> accurate
-> not everyone has the ability to go to their max (age)
