1.2 Muscular System

Question 1

When do sTrains and sPrains happen?

Answer 1

Sprains: overstretched ligament
Strains: overstretched tendon

Question 2

Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue.
1.2.1

Answer 2

->

Question 3

Distinguish between the different types of muscles.
1.2.2

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle- striated, voluntary, muscles that pull on bones & cause joint movement
Cardiac muscle- striated, involuntary, the heart (only example)
Smooth muscle- non-striated, involuntary, move organs

Question 4

Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle.
1.2.3

Answer 4

Question 5

Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles.
1.2.4

Answer 5

ORIGIN -> the attachment of a muscle tendon to a STATIONARY bone.
(Usually proximal)

INSERTION -> the attachment of a muscle tendon to a MOVEABLE bone.
(Usually distal)

(the points where tendons attach on a bone are called origins and insertions. when muscles contract only one bone moves and the other stays stationary.)

Question 6

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 6

Rectus Abdominis
Spine -> Flexion

Question 7

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 7

Erector Spinae
Trunk extension

Question 8

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 8

Deltoid (anterior,middle,posterior)
Shoulder -> Extension, Flexion, abduction

Question 9

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 9

External Obliques
Lateral Trunk Flexion

Question 10

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 10

Pectoralis major
Shoulder -> adduction, flexion (transverse)

Question 11

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 11

Biceps Brachii
Shoulder-> assists
Elbow-> Flexion
Forearm-> Supernation

Question 12

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 12

Triceps brachii
Elbow & Shoulder -> Extension

Question 13

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 13

Iliopsoas
Hip-> Flexion

Question 14

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 14

Sartorius
Hip-> Flexion, abduction
Knee-> Flexion

Question 15

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 15

Hamstrings
From a posterior view:
The biceps femoris lies lateral to the semitendinosus (SB). The semimembranosus (SM) is located anterior to the semitendinosus (SB).

Knee -> Flexion
Hip-> Extension

Question 16

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 16

Latissimus dorsi
Shoulder->Adduction/Extension

Question 17

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 17

Gluteus Maximus

Hip Extension

Question 18

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 18

Tibialis Anterior

Foot -> Dorsiflexion

Question 19

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 19

Gastrocemius (GN)
Soleus (S)

Foot-> Plantarflexion

Question 20

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 20

Quadriceps femoris
(anterior view)
Rectus Femoris (RF) is on top
Vastus Intermedius below RF
Vastus lateralis is lateral
Vastus medialis is medial

Knee-> Extension
Hip -> Flexion

Question 21

Name the muscle & the joint it moves
1.2.5

Answer 21

Trapezius
Shoulder-> Elevation (raise,shrug)

Question 22

Outline the 4 functions of muscles.

Answer 22

Joint movement -skeletal muscles contract, exerting force on the tendons which pull on bones, causing joint movement.
Shivering -creating body heat through increased metabolism
Posture -postural muscles stabilize & maintain body position
Movement of body substances