1.1 Skeletal System Flashcards
Distinguish anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Annotate
1.1
Axial: Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column
Appendicular: The pectoral (shoulder) girdle, Pelvic (hip) girdle, bones of upper and lower limbs
Label the vertebral column
1.1
7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral & 4 coccygeal vertebrae
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
1.2
Support, Protection, Attachment, Storage and Release (vital minerals), Production (blood cells)
Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton in terms of function
1.2
Axial: Protection, Support
Appendicular: Attachment, Storage & Blood Cell Production
State the functions of the vertebral column.
1.1
-transmits weight from body to pelvis & legs
-ribs attached to each side of vertebra
-protects spinal cord + supports head
Describe the shape of the vertebral column.
1.1
cervical: smallest & fragile -> movement + flexibility
thoracic: less mobile, ribs attached -> restricts movement
lumber: biggest & strongest -> role in weight-bearing + high compression loads
State the 4 types of bones.
1.3
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
Draw and annotate the structure of a long bone.
1.4
Define the anatomical terminology to the location of bones.
Superior:
Inferior:
Anterior:
Posterior:
Medial:
Lateral:
Proximal:
Distal:
1.5
Superior: toward the head (upper or above)
Inferior: toward the feet (lower or below)
Anterior: further to the front (anterior view)
Posterior: further to the back (posterior view)
Medial: toward the midline of the body
Lateral: toward the side of the body
Proximal: closer to the axial body (toward the trunk)
Distal: further from the axial body (further from the trunk)
The radius is ____ to the ulna
1.5
Lateral
What are areas on bones where muscles may attach?
Origin- attachement on a stable bone which remains immobile for an action
Insertions- attachement on a moveable bone involved during action
Define the term joint
1.7
When two or more bones come into contact OR articulate with each other
What are the three connective tissues?
1.6
Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage
Outline the function of tendons.
1.6
Tendons are strong strips that attach muscles to bones.
They pull on bones when a muscle contracts to move a joint
Outline the function of ligaments.
1.6
Ligaments are strong bands that connect bones to bones at joints.
Their elasticity allows the movement of a joint. Its strength stops movement outside of normal range
Outline the function of cartilage.
1.6
Cartilage is a soft cushioning substance that covers ends of bones.
Acts as a shock absorber and reduces rubbiing of bone surfaces.
Name the 3 joints in the body and distinguish between them. (relate to movement)
1.8
fibrous- connects edges of 2 bones, no movement allowed
cartilaginous- fibrocartilage disc, limited movement allowed
synovial-free movement -> most important for mobility
Outline the features of a synovial joint
1.9
-articular cartilage
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid
-bursae
-meniscus
-ligaments
-articular capsule
+ miniscus posterior to platella
List the different types of synovial joints
1.10
Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Condyloid, Ball and Socket, Gliding
What are examples of long bones?
-long cyndrical shaft
-enlarged at both ends
-length greater than width
Femur, Tibula, Ulna, Clavicle…..
What are examples of short bones?
-small & cube shaped
-usually articulate with 1+ bone
Carpals ,Tarsals
What are examples of flat bones?
-curved surfaces
-vary thick or thin
-provide protection
-broad surface -> provides large area for muscle attachement
Scapula, Sternum, Pelvis, Ribs
What are examples of irregular bones?
-specialised shapes for function
Vertebrae, Sacrum, Mandible
What type of synovial joint is this?
ball-and-socket
What type of synovial joint is this?
Hinge
What type of synovial joint is this?
Pivot
What type of synovial joint is this?
Saddle
What type of synovial joint is this?
Condyloid
What type of synovial joint is this?
Gliding
