6.3 Components of fitness Flashcards
What two groups are fitness components divided into?
Health and Skill
Define health components of fitness
6.3.1
-physiologically based
-determine the ability of an individual to meet physical demands of the activity
What are the health components of fitness?
6.3.1
There are 5:
- aerobic capacity
- muscular endurance
- muscular strength
- flexibility
- body composition
Distinguish between the concepts of health-related fitness and performance-related (skill-related) fitness
6.3.1
Health:
-body composition
-cardio - vascular (respiratory) fitness
-flexibility
-muscular strength
-muscular endurance
Skill:
-agility
-balance
-coordination
-power
-reaction time
-speed
Some components of performance-related fitness (agility, balance, coordination) could become health-related for certain groups such as the elderly and those suffering from hypokinetic diseases.
Define body composition
6.3.2
Proportion of an individual’s total body mass that is made up of fat and fat-free mass
Define Aerobic capacity, cardio-vascular (respiratory) fitness. Provide an example.
6.3.2
The ability to take in, deliver and use oxygen for use by the aerobic or oxidative energy system.
-
An athlete running a 10k marathon at moderate pace and intensity.
Define Flexibility. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Ability to move through the full range of movement around a joint
Stretching:
Dynamic- ability to perform dynamic (or kinetic) movements of the muscles to bring a limb through its full range of motion in the joints
Static- can be active (ability to stretch an antagonist muscle using only the tension in the agonist muscle) or passive (ability to hold a stretch using body weight or some other external force)
-
A gymnast’s lower body being flexible enough to perform a split.
Define Muscular Strength. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Ability to generate force by a muscle or muscle group / the maximum force that can be developed in a muscle or group of muscles in a single maximal contraction.
-
A body builder bench-pressing his maximum weight for one rep.
Define Muscular endurance. Provide an example.
6.3.2
An athlete who is required to undergo repeated contractions and withstand fatigue
-
Bodybuilder seeing how many reps he can do on a benchpress.
How is strength classified into three categories when applied to the sporting context.
6.3.2
Maximum strength
Elastic strength (Power - skill related component)
Strength endurance (muscular endurance)
Define skill components of fitness
6.3.1
-based upon neuromuscular system
-determine how successful a person can perform a specific skill
What are the skill-related components of fitness?
6.3.1
There are 6:
- Speed
- Agility
- Coordination
- Reaction time
- Balance
- Power
Define agility. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Ability to move & change direction, speed, position of the body quickly and effectively while under control
-
American football running backs require lots of agility.
Define coordination. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Ability to move two or more body parts under control, smoothly and efficiently.
-
A tennis player needs eye-hand coordination at all times.
Define balance. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Refers to the stability of the body. Maintaining stability at center of body.
-
A gymnast balancing on a bar doing a handstand.
Define power. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Ability to exert maximum muscular contraction instantly in an explosive burst of movements
Combination of strength and speed, a powerful movement is achieved as quickly as possible, while imparting as much strength as possible
-
Power-lifters, weighted box jump
Define reaction time. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Time taken to initiate a response to a given stimulus / Duration between the presentation of the stimulus and the associated response.
-
Sprinter setting off once the signal is launched.
Define speed. Provide an example.
6.3.2
Change of distance with respect to time when movement occurs. This can refer to whole-body speed (maximum rate that a person can move over a specific distance) or speed of a particular joint or muscle group (ability to put body parts into motion quickly)
-
Track & field athlete
What is the difference between agility and speed?
6.3.2
Speed is straight line-speed. (start to end of 100m)
Agility is how fast you are able to move directions.
Give an example of a fitness test measuring each component of fitness.
6.3.3
Health components
Body composition- BMI Index
Aerobic capacity- Cooper’s 12 Minute Run
Muscular strength- Hand grip dynamometer
Muscular endurance- maximum sit-ups
Flexibility- sit and reach
Skill- related components
Agility- Illinois Agility Test
Balance- stork stand
Power- vertical jump
Coordination- hand ball toss
Speed- 40 metre sprint
Reaction time- computer simulation
Is the BMI test valid?
6.3.3
No, it can’t differentiate between fat and muscle mass. Height & Weight cant only be used to declare fat and muscle mass.
-it might be valid for the general population
Outline and evaluate the Cooper 12 minute run test.
6.3.3
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Outline and evaluate the Body Mass Index.
6.3.3
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Outline and evaluate Underwater Weighing.
6.3.3
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