6.3 Components of fitness

Question 1

What two groups are fitness components divided into?

Answer 1

Health and Skill

Question 2

Define health components of fitness
6.3.1

Answer 2

-physiologically based
-determine the ability of an individual to meet physical demands of the activity

Question 3

What are the health components of fitness?
6.3.1

Answer 3

There are 5:

1. aerobic capacity
2. muscular endurance
3. muscular strength
4. flexibility
5. body composition

Question 4

Distinguish between the concepts of health-related fitness and performance-related (skill-related) fitness
6.3.1

Answer 4

Health:
-body composition
-cardio - vascular (respiratory) fitness
-flexibility
-muscular strength
-muscular endurance

Skill:
-agility
-balance
-coordination
-power
-reaction time
-speed

Some components of performance-related fitness (agility, balance, coordination) could become health-related for certain groups such as the elderly and those suffering from hypokinetic diseases.

Question 5

Define body composition

6.3.2

Answer 5

Proportion of an individual’s total body mass that is made up of fat and fat-free mass

Question 6

Define Aerobic capacity, cardio-vascular (respiratory) fitness. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 6

The ability to take in, deliver and use oxygen for use by the aerobic or oxidative energy system.

-
An athlete running a 10k marathon at moderate pace and intensity.

Question 7

Define Flexibility. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 7

Ability to move through the full range of movement around a joint

Stretching:
Dynamic- ability to perform dynamic (or kinetic) movements of the muscles to bring a limb through its full range of motion in the joints

Static- can be active (ability to stretch an antagonist muscle using only the tension in the agonist muscle) or passive (ability to hold a stretch using body weight or some other external force)

-
A gymnast’s lower body being flexible enough to perform a split.

Question 8

Define Muscular Strength. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 8

Ability to generate force by a muscle or muscle group / the maximum force that can be developed in a muscle or group of muscles in a single maximal contraction.

-
A body builder bench-pressing his maximum weight for one rep.

Question 9

Define Muscular endurance. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 9

An athlete who is required to undergo repeated contractions and withstand fatigue

-
Bodybuilder seeing how many reps he can do on a benchpress.

Question 10

How is strength classified into three categories when applied to the sporting context.

6.3.2

Answer 10

Maximum strength

Elastic strength (Power - skill related component)

Strength endurance (muscular endurance)

Question 11

Define skill components of fitness
6.3.1

Answer 11

-based upon neuromuscular system
-determine how successful a person can perform a specific skill

Question 12

What are the skill-related components of fitness?
6.3.1

Answer 12

There are 6:

1. Speed
2. Agility
3. Coordination
4. Reaction time
5. Balance
6. Power

Question 13

Define agility. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 13

Ability to move & change direction, speed, position of the body quickly and effectively while under control

-
American football running backs require lots of agility.

Question 14

Define coordination. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 14

Ability to move two or more body parts under control, smoothly and efficiently.

-
A tennis player needs eye-hand coordination at all times.

Question 15

Define balance. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 15

Refers to the stability of the body. Maintaining stability at center of body.

-
A gymnast balancing on a bar doing a handstand.

Question 16

Define power. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 16

Ability to exert maximum muscular contraction instantly in an explosive burst of movements

Combination of strength and speed, a powerful movement is achieved as quickly as possible, while imparting as much strength as possible

-
Power-lifters, weighted box jump

Question 17

Define reaction time. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 17

Time taken to initiate a response to a given stimulus / Duration between the presentation of the stimulus and the associated response.

-
Sprinter setting off once the signal is launched.

Question 18

Define speed. Provide an example.

6.3.2

Answer 18

Change of distance with respect to time when movement occurs. This can refer to whole-body speed (maximum rate that a person can move over a specific distance) or speed of a particular joint or muscle group (ability to put body parts into motion quickly)

-
Track & field athlete

Question 19

What is the difference between agility and speed?

6.3.2

Answer 19

Speed is straight line-speed. (start to end of 100m)
Agility is how fast you are able to move directions.

Question 20

Give an example of a fitness test measuring each component of fitness.

6.3.3

Answer 20

Health components

Body composition- BMI Index
Aerobic capacity- Cooper’s 12 Minute Run
Muscular strength- Hand grip dynamometer
Muscular endurance- maximum sit-ups
Flexibility- sit and reach

Skill- related components

Agility- Illinois Agility Test
Balance- stork stand
Power- vertical jump
Coordination- hand ball toss
Speed- 40 metre sprint
Reaction time- computer simulation

Question 21

Is the BMI test valid?
6.3.3

Answer 21

No, it can’t differentiate between fat and muscle mass. Height & Weight cant only be used to declare fat and muscle mass.

-it might be valid for the general population

Question 22

Outline and evaluate the Cooper 12 minute run test.
6.3.3

Answer 22

->

Question 23

Outline and evaluate the Body Mass Index.
6.3.3

Answer 23

->

Question 24

Outline and evaluate Underwater Weighing.
6.3.3

Answer 24

->