4.1 Neuromuscular function

Question 1

Whats the purpose of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To regulate the body’s internal environment as well as respond to the external environment.

Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscle, involuntary regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle and glands.

Question 2

What does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 2

1. The Central Nervous System (CNS)
   Brain and Spinal Cord
2. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
   Nerves extending from the spinal cord to the body.

Question 3

Explain the nervous system pathway

Answer 3

-Sensory receptors detect changes inside & outside body -> send signals via sensory neurons to central nervous system (CNS, where information is processed)

-If response is required, CNS sends electrical signal via motor neurons to effector (muscle and glands)

Question 4

What is a motor unit?

Answer 4

consists of a single motor neuron & the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 5

Label a diagram of a motor unit.
4.1.1

Answer 5

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Question 6

What are the 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers? What are they classified on?

Answer 6

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber
- Maintain posture (anti-gravity muscles), endurance running. Back and neck muscles.

Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber
- Middle distance running. Leg muscles.

Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber
- Rapid, intense movements of short duration. Ball throwing, weight lifting. Arm muscles.

Classified on:
How fast a muscle will twitch.

Pathway used to generate ATP/Energy (anaerobic (glycolytic) or aerobic (oxidative)

Question 7

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in speed of contraction
4.1.4

Answer 7

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : SLOW
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : FAST
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : FAST

Question 8

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in glycogen stores
4.1.4

Answer 8

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : Low
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : Intermediate
TYPE 2B - Fast Glycolytic Fiber : High

Question 9

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in recruitment order
4.1.4

Answer 9

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : FIRST
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : SECOND
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : THIRD

Question 10

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in rate of fatigue
4.1.4

Answer 10

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : SLOW (fatigue-resistant)
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : INTERMEDIATE (moderately fatigue-resistant)
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : FAST (fatigable)

Question 11

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in color
4.1.4

Answer 11

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : RED (full of oxygen)
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : red-pink
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : white (pale)

Question 12

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in fiber diameter
4.1.4

Answer 12

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : small
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : intermediate
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : large

Question 13

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in mitochondria
4.1.4

Answer 13

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : many
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : many
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : few

Question 14

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in capillaries
4.1.4

Answer 14

Type 1- Slow Oxidative Fiber : many
Type 2A - Fast Oxidative Fiber : many
Type 2B- Fast Glycolitic Fiber : few

Question 15

Explain how the structure and function of fast twitch muscle fibres contribute to the performance of a sprinter. [5]

Answer 15

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