2.1 The ventilatory system

Question 1

List the principal structures of the ventilatory system.

1.1

Answer 1

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli

Question 2

Outline the functions of the conducting airways.

1.2

Answer 2

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Question 3

Define the term pulmonary ventilation

1.3

Answer 3

inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs (also called breathing)

Question 4

Define the term: tidal volume (TV)

1.3

Answer 4

Question 5

Explain the term: inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

1.3

Answer 5

Additional amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation.

Question 6

Explain the term: expiratory reserve volume (ERV),

1.3

Answer 6

It is the reserve amount that can be exhaled beyond what is normal.

Question 7

Explain the term: Residual Volume (RV)

1.3

Answer 7

Volume of air still in lungs following forced max. expiration.

Question 8

Explain the term: Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

1.3

Answer 8

volume of air in lungs at the end a maximal inspiration

Question 9

Explain the term: Vital Capacity (VC)

1.3

Answer 9

max. amount of air that can move out of lungs after a person inhales as deeply as possible

Question 10

Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs.

1.4

Answer 10

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Question 11

Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs at REST.

1.4

Answer 11

-

Question 12

Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs during EXERCISE.

1.4

Answer 12

-

Question 13

Define these key terms: Control of breathing

-Respiratory Centre
-pH
-pCO2
-pO2
-Chemoreceptors

Answer 13

Respiratory Centre- Centre in the brainstem responsible for controlling breathing.

pH- measure of blood acidity levels

pCO2- measure of carbon dioxide content in the blood

pO2- measure of oxygen levels in the blood

Chemoreceptors- located in the heart and throughout the body. They detect changes in pH, CO2 and O2 levels

Question 14

Describe nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise.

1.5

Answer 14

-

Question 15

Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation.

1.6

Answer 15

-98.5% of oxygen in blood transported by hemoglonin within red blood cells
-The protein hemoglobin has 4 iron binding sites for individual oxygen molecules to attach to
-When oxygen binds to hemoglobin it is transported as OXYhemoglobin

Question 16

Explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli.

1.7

Answer 16