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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Optho > Flashcards

Optho Flashcards

1
Q

What sudden, painless, vision loss is preceded by amaurosis fugax?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

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2
Q

Risk factors for CRAO

A

Age History of coagulopathy HTN Sickle cell A-fib

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3
Q

Cherry red fovea is associated with what sudden, painless vision loss?

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion CRAO

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4
Q

TX for CRAO

A

Attempt to dislodge clot with massage Hemodilution with IV fluids Attempt to reduce IOP w/ Acetazolamide or timolol Discuss anticoagulation with ophtho

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5
Q

Retinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots are signs of what sudden, painless vision loss?

A

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)

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6
Q

What is the triad of retinal detachment?

A

Flashes of light Floaters Curtain pulled down over eye

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7
Q

Physical exam findings of retinal detachment?

A

Abnormal red reflex Visual exam reveals area of a posit

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8
Q

What is vitreous hemorrhage?

A

Bleeding into the vitreous humor

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9
Q

SxS for vitreous hemorrhage?

A

Sudden painless vision loss Floaters Smoky/hazy vision “Reddish” vision

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10
Q

Causes of vitreous hemorrhage?

A

DM Trauma HTN Coagulopathy or on anticoagulants

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11
Q

SxS vitreous hemorrhage?

A

Abnormal red reflex “Red debris” obscures optic disc

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12
Q

Definition of cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Septic thrombus formation in cavernous sinus which receives venous blood from the facial veins and empties into the inferior sinuses (High 30% mortality rate)

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13
Q

Risk factors for cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Recent infection: Sinus Dental Throat Face Orbital

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14
Q

Physical exam findings for cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Proptosis Chemosis (swelling of conjunctiva) Decreased EOM Absent pupillary reflexes Labs: Elevated WBC

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15
Q

Most common cause (MCC) of cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

S aureus Strep pneumo

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16
Q

What kind of Abx for cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Broad spectrum Nafcillin, Rocephin, Vancomycin

17
Q

What is the leading cause of permanent vision loss in older populations?

A

Macular degeneration

18
Q

Dry macular degeneration vs Wet?

A

Dry: atrophy and degeneration of outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (mod severity) Wet: (neovascular)new choroid all vessels grow between retinal pigment epithelium -accumulation of serous fluid (leaks), hemorrhage, and fibrosis (worse than dry)

19
Q

What is a precursor to macular degeneration?

A

Drusen spots (extracellular deposits, appear as discrete yellow deposits)

20
Q

Macular degeneration causes loss of what vision?

A

Central visual field, usually bilaterally

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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