Antibiotics (Exam 2) Flashcards
All Beta Lactams
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
All Penicillins
Beta-lactam
Cover Gram(+), anaerobes, some Gram (-) Non-MRSA coverage
Amoxicillin (oral)
Ampicillin (IV)
Penicillin (Various)
All Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Beta-Lactam
Gram (+) for non-MRSA staph and strep
Cefadroxil
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefazolin (Ancef)
Amoxicillin
Beta-lactam - Penicillins
Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Given Orally
Ampicillin
Beta-Lactam - Penicillins
Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Given IV
Penicillin
Beta-Lactam - Penicillins
Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Admin varies
Cefadroxil
Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 1st Generation
Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Beta-Lactam - Cephalosporin 1st generation
Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep Given orally
Cefazolin (Ancef)
Beta-Lactam - Cephalosporin 1st generation
Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep Given IV
All Cephalosporins
2nd Generation
Beta-lactam More Gram (-) coverage (respiratory infections)
cefaclor
cefoxitin
cefprozil
cefuroxime
Cefaclor
Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation
More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)
cefoxitin
Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation
More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)
cefprozil
Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation
More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)
cefuroxime
Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation
More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)
All Cephalosporins
3rd Generation
Beta-Lactams More Gram (--), less Gram (+) coverage
cefdinir cefixime cefpodoxime ceftibuten (Cedax) ceftriaxone (Rocephin) cefotaxime (Claforan)
cefdinir
Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation
More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
cefixime
Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation
More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
cefpodoxime
Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation
More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
ceftibuten (Cedax)
Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation
More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation
More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
Crosses BBB - Given IV, IM
NO LONGER COVERS PSEUDOMONAS
cefotaxime
Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation
More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
Cefepime (Maxipime)
Beta Lactam -Cephalosporins 4th Generation
pseudomonal actvity, good Gram (+) coverage
ceftaroline (Teflaro)
Beta Lactam -Cephalosporins New Generation
Very Broad spectrum
MRSA coverage
NO pseudomonas coverage
All Carbapenems
Beta-lactams
Broadspectrum
Gram (–), some Gram (+)
Given IV only
doripenem (Doribax)
ertapenem (Invanz)
imipenem
meropenem
doripenem
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems
Gram (–), some Gram (+), anerobe
Intra-abdominal infections and VAP (vent associated pneumonia)
Covers pseudomonas
ertapenem (Invanz)
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems
Gram (–), some Gram (+), anaerobe
Intra-abdominal infections, skin and soft tissue
NO pseudomonas coverage
imipenem
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems
Gram (–), some Gram (+), anaerobe
meropenem
Beta-lactam - Carbapenems
Gram (–), some Gram (+), anaerobe
aztreonam
Beta-lactam - Monobactams
Gram (–) and pseudomonas
All Beta lactam inhibitors
Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
piperacillin / tazobactam (Zysyn)
ampicillin / sulbactam (Unasyn)
amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
NO pseudomonas activity
piperacillin / tazobactam (Zysyn)
Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
Pseudomonal activity
ampicillin / sulbactam (Unasyn)
Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
NO pseudomonas activity
What class of antibiotic are: Fluoroquinolones
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Macrolides
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Sulfas
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Aminoglycosides
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Lincosamide
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Glycopeptide
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Tetracyclines
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Glycylcyclines
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Oxazolidinones
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Lipopeptides
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Nitroimidazoles
Non Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Penicillins
Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Cephalosporins
Beta Lactams
What class of antibiotic are: Carbapenems
Beta Lactams
Monobactams
Beta Lactams
Ciprofloxacin
Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec)
Cover Gram (–) and (+), pseudomonas
Non-respiratory
Good for urinary tract infections
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec)
Cover Gram (–) and (+), pseudomonas, good respiratory penetration
moxifloxacin (Avelox)
Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec)
Cover Gram (–) and (+), pseudomonas, good respiratory penetration
erythromycin
Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides
Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+)
H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis
azithromycin (Zpak, Zmax)
Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides
Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+)
H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis
Fallen out of favor due to GI side effects and QT prolongationfc
clarithromycin (Biaxin, Biaxin XL)
Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides
Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+)
H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis
Sulfa drugs
Gram (-) and MRSA coverage
trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
All Aminoglycosides
Gram (-), anti Pseudomonal activity
IV only - not used much b/c can be toxic
gentamicin
tobramycin
amikacin
gentamicin
Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides
Gram (-), some gram (+)
Good for Strep
tobramycin
Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides
Gram (-)
inhaled form for Cystic fibrosis
amikacin
Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides
Gram (-)
Clindamycin
Non Beta lactam - Lincosamide
Gram (+) and anaerobic (above diaphragm)
Some MRSA coverage
Dental infection
vancomycin
Non Beta lactam - Glycopeptide Gram (+), MRSA Oral and IV Oral does not get systemically absorbed (does not treat skin/soft tissue infection) C-diff
All Tetracyclines
Gram (+), MRSA
Skin and some resp/sinus, soft tissue , insect born infections
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline
Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines
Gram (+), MRSA
doxycycline
Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines
Gram (+), MRSA
minocycline
Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines
Gram (+), MRSA
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Non beta lactam - Glycycline
Broad spectrum, MRSA
NO pseudomonas or proteus
IV only
Oxazolidinones
Non beta lactam
Gram (+), MRSA, VRE coverage (vancomycin resistant enterococci)
Can cause serotonin syndrome if given c SSRIs
linezolid (Zyvox)
tedizolid (Sivextro)
daptomycin (Cubicin)
Non beta lactam - Lipopeptide
Gram (+), MRSA, VRE (no lung penetration)
dalbavancin (Dalvance)
Non beta lactam - Lipoglycopeptide
Gram (+), MRSA
IV only, 1 dose every 2 weeks
oritavancin (Orbactiv)
Non beta lactam - Lipoglycopeptide
Gram (+), MRSA
IV only, 1 dose every 2 weeks
metronidazole (Flagil)
non beta lactam - Nitroimidazole
Anaerobic coverage below diaphragm
Protozoal infections
tinidazole (Tindamax)
non beta lactam - Nitroimidazole
Anaerobic coverage below diaphragm
Protozoal infections
Oral only
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Broad spectrum
Urinary tract infections
1st gen Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil
Cephalexin(Keflex)
Cefazolin
2nd gen Cephalosporin (2 lungs for 2 gen: good for respiratory infections)
Cefalcor
Cefoxitin
Cefprozil
Cefuroxime
3rd gen cephalosporins (good strep pneumo)
Cefdinir (dinner is 3rd meal of the day) Ceftriaxone (tri=3) Ceftibuten Cefpodoxime Cefixime Cefotaxime
4th gen cephalosporin (pseudomonas coverage)
Cefepime (Maxipime)
5th gen cephalosporin (MRSA coverage)
Ceftaroline
Think “sweet” Caroline, sweet has 5 letters
5th gen cephalosporin (MRSA coverage)
Ceftaroline
Think “sweet” Caroline, sweet has 5 letters
4th gen cephalosporin (pseudomonas coverage)
Cefepime (Maxipime)
3rd gen cephalosporins (good strep pneumo)
Cefdinir (dinner is 3rd meal of the day) Ceftriaxone (tri=3) Ceftibuten Cefpodoxime Cefixime Cefotaxime
2nd gen Cephalosporin (2 lungs for 2 gen: good for respiratory infections)
Cefalcor
Cefoxitin
Cefprozil
Cefuroxime
1st gen Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil
Cephalexin(Keflex)
Cefazolin
Carbapenems (carbs get digested in the abdomen—good for intraabdominal infections)
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem
Meropenem
All cover for Pseudomonas except ertapenem
Very broad spectrum gram +/-
Monobactams (there’s only 1 and it covers for pseudomonas)
Aztreonam (gram neg only)
Pseudomonas is gram neg, so gram positive Abx usually don’t cover, except for 4th gen cephalosporin Cefepime (Maxipime)
Which of the three beta-lactamase inhibitor Abx covers for pseudomonas?
A. Augmentin (amoxicillin+clavulanic acid)
B. Unasyn (ampicillin+sulbactam)
C. Zosyn (piperacillin+tazobactam)
Zosyn (piperacillin+tazobactam)
Fluoroquinolones end in what suffix?
-floxacin
T/F Fluoroquinolones have the same bioavailability IV or PO
True
T/F Fluoroquinolones are ver broad spectrum.
True
T/F Fluoroquinolones have good respiratory penetration
True
What 2 fluoroquinolones cover for pseudomonas
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Levofloxacin
C. Moxifloxacin
Cipro, Levofloxacin
What type of Abx are good for “atypical pneumonia coverage” and name all 3?
Macrolides:
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Which of the macrolides has increased GI motility N/V/D and has fallen out of favor?
Erythromycin
Do sulfas cover for gram neg or pos?
Gram neg
Do sulfas cover for MRSA?
Yes
Name the 3 aminoglycosides (GTA)
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Do all 3 aminoglycosides cover for pseudomonas?
Yes
Aminoglycosides are associated with what type of toxicity?
Ototoxicity
Lincosamide for Gram + staph/strep, some MRSA, good for anaerobes dental bugs
Clindamycin
Glycopeptide that covers gram + and MRSA, and only oral for C diff
Vancomycin
Name the 3 tetracyclines (TDM)
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
good for tick/insect diseases
Tetracyclines (TDM)
T/F tetracyclines cover for MRSA
True
IV only glycylcycline that is broad spectrum and treats MRSA (starts with a T)
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Name the two oxazolidinones (LT)
linezolid
Tedizolid
What category of Abx carry risk if given to a pt who takes SSRI’s?
Oxazolidinones
What two categories of Abx cover for both MRSA and VRE?
Oxazalidinones (LT)
Lipopeptide (daptomycin)
Name the lipopeptide (only 1) that covers gram +, MRSA, and VRE
Daptomycin
name the 2 Lipoglycopeptides that covers gram + and MRSA (DO)
Dalbavancin
Oritavancin
What Abx type covers anaerobic coverage below diaphragm?
Nitroimidazoles
Name the 3 nitroimidazoles (MTN)
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)