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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Antibiotics (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Antibiotics (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

All Beta Lactams

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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2
Q

All Penicillins

A

Beta-lactam

Cover Gram(+), anaerobes, some Gram (-)
Non-MRSA coverage

Amoxicillin (oral)
Ampicillin (IV)
Penicillin (Various)

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3
Q

All Cephalosporins

1st Generation

A

Beta-Lactam

Gram (+) for non-MRSA staph and strep

Cefadroxil
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefazolin (Ancef)

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4
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta-lactam - Penicillins

Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Given Orally

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5
Q

Ampicillin

A

Beta-Lactam - Penicillins

Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Given IV

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6
Q

Penicillin

A

Beta-Lactam - Penicillins

Cover for Gram (+) non-MRSA
Admin varies

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7
Q

Cefadroxil

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 1st Generation

Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep

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8
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

Beta-Lactam - Cephalosporin 1st generation

Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep
Given orally
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9
Q

Cefazolin (Ancef)

A

Beta-Lactam - Cephalosporin 1st generation

Covers Gram (+) non-MRSA staph and strep
Given IV
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10
Q

All Cephalosporins

2nd Generation

A 
Beta-lactam
More Gram (-) coverage (respiratory infections)

cefaclor
cefoxitin
cefprozil
cefuroxime

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11
Q

Cefaclor

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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12
Q

cefoxitin

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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13
Q

cefprozil

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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14
Q

cefuroxime

A

Beta-lactam - Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

More gram (–) coverage (resp infections)

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15
Q

All Cephalosporins

3rd Generation

A 
Beta-Lactams
More Gram (--), less Gram (+) coverage
cefdinir
cefixime
cefpodoxime 
ceftibuten (Cedax)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
cefotaxime (Claforan)
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16
Q

cefdinir

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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17
Q

cefixime

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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18
Q

cefpodoxime

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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19
Q

ceftibuten (Cedax)

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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20
Q

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage
Crosses BBB - Given IV, IM
NO LONGER COVERS PSEUDOMONAS

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21
Q

cefotaxime

A

Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

More Gram (–), less Gram (+) coverage

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22
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime)

A

Beta Lactam -Cephalosporins 4th Generation

pseudomonal actvity, good Gram (+) coverage

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23
Q

ceftaroline (Teflaro)

A

Beta Lactam -Cephalosporins New Generation

Very Broad spectrum
MRSA coverage
NO pseudomonas coverage

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24
Q

All Carbapenems

A

Beta-lactams
Broadspectrum
Gram (–), some Gram (+)
Given IV only

doripenem (Doribax)
ertapenem (Invanz)
imipenem
meropenem

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25
Q

doripenem

A

Beta-lactam - Carbapenems

Gram (–), some Gram (+), anerobe
Intra-abdominal infections and VAP (vent associated pneumonia)
Covers pseudomonas

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26
Q

ertapenem (Invanz)

A

Beta-lactam - Carbapenems

Gram (–), some Gram (+), anaerobe
Intra-abdominal infections, skin and soft tissue
NO pseudomonas coverage

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27
Q

imipenem

A

Beta-lactam - Carbapenems

Gram (–), some Gram (+), anaerobe

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28
Q

meropenem

A

Beta-lactam - Carbapenems

Gram (–), some Gram (+), anaerobe

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29
Q

aztreonam

A

Beta-lactam - Monobactams

Gram (–) and pseudomonas

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30
Q

All Beta lactam inhibitors

A

Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase

amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
piperacillin / tazobactam (Zysyn)
ampicillin / sulbactam (Unasyn)

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31
Q

amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

A

Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
NO pseudomonas activity

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32
Q

piperacillin / tazobactam (Zysyn)

A

Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
Pseudomonal activity

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33
Q

ampicillin / sulbactam (Unasyn)

A

Broad spectrum
Protect from Beta-lactamase
NO pseudomonas activity

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34
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Fluoroquinolones
A

Non Beta Lactams

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35
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Macrolides
A

Non Beta Lactams

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36
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Sulfas
A

Non Beta Lactams

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37
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Aminoglycosides
A

Non Beta Lactams

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38
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Lincosamide
A

Non Beta Lactams

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39
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Glycopeptide
A

Non Beta Lactams

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40
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Tetracyclines
A

Non Beta Lactams

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41
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Glycylcyclines
A

Non Beta Lactams

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42
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Oxazolidinones
A

Non Beta Lactams

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43
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Lipopeptides
A

Non Beta Lactams

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44
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Nitroimidazoles
A

Non Beta Lactams

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45
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Penicillins
A

Beta Lactams

46
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Cephalosporins
A

Beta Lactams

47
Q 
What class of antibiotic are:
Carbapenems
A

Beta Lactams

48
Q

Monobactams

A

Beta Lactams

49
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec)

Cover Gram (–) and (+), pseudomonas
Non-respiratory
Good for urinary tract infections

50
Q

levofloxacin (Levaquin)

A

Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec)

Cover Gram (–) and (+), pseudomonas, good respiratory penetration

51
Q

moxifloxacin (Avelox)

A

Non Beta Lactam - Fluoroquinolones (broad spec)

Cover Gram (–) and (+), pseudomonas, good respiratory penetration

52
Q

erythromycin

A

Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides

Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+)
H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis

53
Q

azithromycin (Zpak, Zmax)

A

Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides
Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+)
H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis

Fallen out of favor due to GI side effects and QT prolongationfc

54
Q

clarithromycin (Biaxin, Biaxin XL)

A

Non Beta Lactam - Macrolides

Atypical pneumonia coverage, Some Gram (+)
H. Influenza, mycoplasma, pertussis

55
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

Gram (-) and MRSA coverage

trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

56
Q

All Aminoglycosides

A

Gram (-), anti Pseudomonal activity
IV only - not used much b/c can be toxic

gentamicin
tobramycin
amikacin

57
Q

gentamicin

A

Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides
Gram (-), some gram (+)
Good for Strep

58
Q

tobramycin

A

Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides
Gram (-)
inhaled form for Cystic fibrosis

59
Q

amikacin

A

Non Beta lactam - Aminoglycosides

Gram (-)

60
Q

Clindamycin

A

Non Beta lactam - Lincosamide
Gram (+) and anaerobic (above diaphragm)
Some MRSA coverage
Dental infection

61
Q

vancomycin

A 
Non Beta lactam - Glycopeptide
Gram (+), MRSA 
Oral and IV
Oral does not get systemically absorbed (does not treat skin/soft tissue infection)
C-diff
62
Q

All Tetracyclines

A

Gram (+), MRSA
Skin and some resp/sinus, soft tissue , insect born infections

tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

63
Q

tetracycline

A

Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines

Gram (+), MRSA

64
Q

doxycycline

A

Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines

Gram (+), MRSA

65
Q

minocycline

A

Non beta lactam - Tetracyclines

Gram (+), MRSA

66
Q

Tigecycline (Tygacil)

A

Non beta lactam - Glycycline
Broad spectrum, MRSA
NO pseudomonas or proteus
IV only

67
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Non beta lactam
Gram (+), MRSA, VRE coverage (vancomycin resistant enterococci)
Can cause serotonin syndrome if given c SSRIs

linezolid (Zyvox)
tedizolid (Sivextro)

68
Q

daptomycin (Cubicin)

A

Non beta lactam - Lipopeptide

Gram (+), MRSA, VRE (no lung penetration)

69
Q

dalbavancin (Dalvance)

A

Non beta lactam - Lipoglycopeptide
Gram (+), MRSA
IV only, 1 dose every 2 weeks

70
Q

oritavancin (Orbactiv)

A

Non beta lactam - Lipoglycopeptide
Gram (+), MRSA
IV only, 1 dose every 2 weeks

71
Q

metronidazole (Flagil)

A

non beta lactam - Nitroimidazole

Anaerobic coverage below diaphragm
Protozoal infections

72
Q

tinidazole (Tindamax)

A

non beta lactam - Nitroimidazole

Anaerobic coverage below diaphragm
Protozoal infections
Oral only

73
Q

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

A

Broad spectrum

Urinary tract infections

74
Q

1st gen Cephalosporins

A

Cefadroxil
Cephalexin(Keflex)
Cefazolin

75
Q

2nd gen Cephalosporin (2 lungs for 2 gen: good for respiratory infections)

A

Cefalcor
Cefoxitin
Cefprozil
Cefuroxime

76
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins (good strep pneumo)

A 
Cefdinir (dinner is 3rd meal of the day)
Ceftriaxone (tri=3)
Ceftibuten
Cefpodoxime 
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
77
Q

4th gen cephalosporin (pseudomonas coverage)

A

Cefepime (Maxipime)

78
Q

5th gen cephalosporin (MRSA coverage)

A

Ceftaroline

Think “sweet” Caroline, sweet has 5 letters

79
Q

5th gen cephalosporin (MRSA coverage)

A

Ceftaroline

Think “sweet” Caroline, sweet has 5 letters

80
Q

4th gen cephalosporin (pseudomonas coverage)

A

Cefepime (Maxipime)

81
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins (good strep pneumo)

A 
Cefdinir (dinner is 3rd meal of the day)
Ceftriaxone (tri=3)
Ceftibuten
Cefpodoxime 
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
82
Q

2nd gen Cephalosporin (2 lungs for 2 gen: good for respiratory infections)

A

Cefalcor
Cefoxitin
Cefprozil
Cefuroxime

83
Q

1st gen Cephalosporins

A

Cefadroxil
Cephalexin(Keflex)
Cefazolin

84
Q

Carbapenems (carbs get digested in the abdomen—good for intraabdominal infections)

A

Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem
Meropenem

All cover for Pseudomonas except ertapenem
Very broad spectrum gram +/-

85
Q

Monobactams (there’s only 1 and it covers for pseudomonas)

A

Aztreonam (gram neg only)

Pseudomonas is gram neg, so gram positive Abx usually don’t cover, except for 4th gen cephalosporin Cefepime (Maxipime)

86
Q

Which of the three beta-lactamase inhibitor Abx covers for pseudomonas?
A. Augmentin (amoxicillin+clavulanic acid)
B. Unasyn (ampicillin+sulbactam)
C. Zosyn (piperacillin+tazobactam)

A

Zosyn (piperacillin+tazobactam)

87
Q

Fluoroquinolones end in what suffix?

A

-floxacin

88
Q

T/F Fluoroquinolones have the same bioavailability IV or PO

A

True

89
Q

T/F Fluoroquinolones are ver broad spectrum.

A

True

90
Q

T/F Fluoroquinolones have good respiratory penetration

A

True

91
Q

What 2 fluoroquinolones cover for pseudomonas
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Levofloxacin
C. Moxifloxacin

A

Cipro, Levofloxacin

92
Q

What type of Abx are good for “atypical pneumonia coverage” and name all 3?

A

Macrolides:
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

93
Q

Which of the macrolides has increased GI motility N/V/D and has fallen out of favor?

A

Erythromycin

94
Q

Do sulfas cover for gram neg or pos?

A

Gram neg

95
Q

Do sulfas cover for MRSA?

A

Yes

96
Q

Name the 3 aminoglycosides (GTA)

A

Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin

97
Q

Do all 3 aminoglycosides cover for pseudomonas?

A

Yes

98
Q

Aminoglycosides are associated with what type of toxicity?

A

Ototoxicity

99
Q

Lincosamide for Gram + staph/strep, some MRSA, good for anaerobes dental bugs

A

Clindamycin

100
Q

Glycopeptide that covers gram + and MRSA, and only oral for C diff

A

Vancomycin

101
Q

Name the 3 tetracyclines (TDM)

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

102
Q

good for tick/insect diseases

A

Tetracyclines (TDM)

103
Q

T/F tetracyclines cover for MRSA

A

True

104
Q

IV only glycylcycline that is broad spectrum and treats MRSA (starts with a T)

A

Tigecycline (Tygacil)

105
Q

Name the two oxazolidinones (LT)

A

linezolid

Tedizolid

106
Q

What category of Abx carry risk if given to a pt who takes SSRI’s?

A

Oxazolidinones

107
Q

What two categories of Abx cover for both MRSA and VRE?

A

Oxazalidinones (LT)

Lipopeptide (daptomycin)

108
Q

Name the lipopeptide (only 1) that covers gram +, MRSA, and VRE

A

Daptomycin

109
Q

name the 2 Lipoglycopeptides that covers gram + and MRSA (DO)

A

Dalbavancin

Oritavancin

110
Q

What Abx type covers anaerobic coverage below diaphragm?

A

Nitroimidazoles

111
Q

Name the 3 nitroimidazoles (MTN)

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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