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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Blood -Schoenwald > Flashcards

Blood -Schoenwald Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability of a test to identify positive results in pts who actually have a disease. Higher the sensitivity the lower the chance of a false negative

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2
Q

Specificity

A

Assesses the portion of true negatives. If a test is positive it is highly likely that a person has a disease. The lower the specficity the higher the chance for a false positive.

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3
Q

White blood cell normal range

A

4,000- 10,500

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4
Q

Causes of an increase in WBC

A

inflammation, bacterial infection, leukemia, and some meds.

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5
Q

Causes of a decrease in WBC

A

some viral infections, chemotherapy, and bone marrow suppression.

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6
Q

Margination of granulocytes

A

when they are not actively working. they will go into cell walls until they are needed again

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7
Q

Left shift

A

when there are more than 8-10% increase in the number of bands present

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8
Q

What can cause hypersegmentation

A

vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency

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9
Q

Six causes of Neutrophilia

A

Bacterial infection, some viral , stress, inflammatory disease, metabolic disorders, drugs

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10
Q

Five causes of Neutropenia

A

Bacterial infection, Viral infection, hypersplenism, chemo, lupus

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11
Q

Bacterial infections that cause neutropenia

A

Typhoid, tularemia, brucellosis

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12
Q

Viral causes of Neurtopenia

A

Hepatitis , influ, enza, measles, mumps, rubella, mono

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13
Q

Bacterial causes of lymphocytosis

A

pertusis, brucellosis

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14
Q

Viral cause of lymphocytosis

A

hepatitis, mono, mumps. CMV

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15
Q

Metabolic causes of lymphocytosis

A

hyperadrenalism, hyperthroidism

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16
Q

Chronic inflammatory causes of lymphocytosis

A

Ulcerative colitis, serum sickness, ITP

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17
Q

Immonodeficiency causes lymphocytopenia

A

HIV, congenital defects of cell mediated immunity, immunosuppressive medications

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18
Q

illness that cause lymphocytopenia

A

CHF, renal failure, advanced TB

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19
Q

Adrenal corticosteroid exposure causes of lymphocytopenia

A

predisone, ACTH producing pituitary hormones, adrenal gland hyperactivity

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20
Q

infections that cause Monocytosis

A

TB, bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, syphilis

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21
Q

Granulomatous diseases that cause monocytosis

A

Sarcoid, ulcerative colitis

22
Q

collagen vascular diseases that cause monocytosis

A

Lupus, RA, Polyarteritis

23
Q

What does MCV measure

A

size of the average RBC. Mean corpuscular volume

24
Q

What does MCHC measure

A

average concentration of hgb in RBC

25
Q

What does MCH measure

A

measure of the weight of hgb in RBC

26
Q

What does RDW measure

A

Red cell distribution, indicated variation of size of RBC.

27
Q

What would a high RDW indicate?

A

multiple populations of cells. possibly a transfusion or a result of cancer

28
Q

Ferratin

A

Major iron storage protein

29
Q

Reticulocytes

A

immature red blood cells. It is used to determine bone marrow function and eval of erythropoietic activity.

30
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

iron deficiency, thalessemia, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic

31
Q

iron deficiency anemia causes

A

loss of blood, insufficient dietary intake, pregnancy, malabsorption

32
Q

What are you concerned for in a patient who is over 65 and has iron deficiency anemia?

A

Colon cancer

33
Q

Normocytic normochromic anemia

A

Anemia of chronic disease, ferratin is usaully increased, IDA is decreased

34
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

B12 deficiency, and/or folic acid deficiency

35
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

anemia due to breakdown of RBC. etiology is varied

36
Q

etiology of hemolytic anemia

A

blood disorders, hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune, hemolytic uremic syndrome, medications

37
Q

Lab findings of hemolytic anemia

A

decreased RBC, Decreased hepatoglobin, increased LDH, increased potassium

38
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in size (1+, 2+, 3+, 4+)

39
Q

poikilocytosis

A

variation in shape

40
Q

spherocytes

A

no central pallor

41
Q

schistocytosis

A

cell fragments- intravascular or mechanical trauma

42
Q

stomatocytosis

A

liver disease

43
Q

basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning and megaloblastic anemia and thalassemia

44
Q

Howell jolly bodies

A

Splenectomy, hemolysis, blue bodies

45
Q

Heinz bodies

A

splenectomy and G6PD deficiency

46
Q

How to eval anemia

A

CBC, reticulocyte count, haptoglobin, iron studies, ferritin, B12/ folic acid levels, TSH, colonoscopy

47
Q

Causes of thrombocytopenia

A

autoimmune ITP, Bone marrow supression, DIC, artifact (EDTA present in lab tube), heparin

48
Q

Causes of Thrombocytosis

A

Myeloproliferative disorders, infection, malignancy, iron deficiency

49
Q

Acute phase reactants

A

ESR, CRP, Plt, ferritin

50
Q

inverted differential

A

present with mono

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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