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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Diseases and meds > Flashcards

Diseases and meds Flashcards

1
Q

What medication would you use for intermittent relief of an essential tremor?

A

Propranolol (or Alcohol)

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2
Q

What 2 medications can you use for persistent essential tremor?

A

1) Propranolol (higher dose)

2) Primidone (anticonvulsant)

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3
Q

What two medications can you use for intermittent symptoms of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)?

A

1) Levodopa: “on demand” at HS or upon waking at night

2) Clonazepam (Benzo, ONLY for intermittent)

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4
Q

What are some first line RLS meds?

A

Dopamine agonists:

  • Mirapex
  • Requip
  • Neupro
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5
Q

What are some medications to treat RLS that also treat chronic pain and neuropathy?

A
  • Gabapentin (Neurontin)

- Pregabalin (Lyrica)

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6
Q

What medications can be used for refractory or chronic RLS?

A

Opioids (last ditch effort)

-oxycodone, codeine, methadone, tramadol

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7
Q

What medication is helpful for treating chorea in Huntington Disease?

A

Tetrabenzine (Xenazine)

  • dopamine depleting agent
  • very expensive
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8
Q

What neuroleptics treat HD and also treat their psychiatric symptoms?

A
  • Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
  • Risperidal
  • Haldol
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9
Q

What antiviral medication is used as the best monotherapy for those with mild, early Parkinson’s Disease? What is a major side effect of the medication?

A

Amantadine

  • orthostatic hypotension
  • use only as MONOtherapy
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10
Q

What anticholinergic medications are helpful in treating the sialorrhea and tremor associated with Parkinson’s Disease? Side effects?

A

-Benztropine (Cogentin)
-Trihexyphenidyl
SEs: Anticholinergic toxidrome:
-MAD as a hatter, DRY as a bone, HOT as a desert, red as a beet, tachycardia, mydriasis, absent BS

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11
Q

What are some dopamine agonists used to treat dyskinesias associated with Parkinson’s Disease? When would you use this med? What are some major side effects?

A

-Mirapex
-Requip
-Generally would start with these meds in patients <65-70 y/o
-NOT effective for patient’s who haven’t shown response to levodopa
SE: ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, drowsiness, hallucinations, vivid dreams, dizziness, constipation, dyskinesias

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12
Q

What medication will eventually be required for ALL Parkinson’s patients? What other medication is it paired with and why? What are some side effects?

A

Levodopa (Sinemet)

  • paired with Carbidopa to offset the SEs of Levodopa
  • SEs: ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, dyskinesias, dizziness, hallucinations, vivid dreams, nausea, constipation
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13
Q

What medications inhibit the breakdown of dopamine and are used as either a monotherapy early in PD or can be an adjunctive therapy later in the disease?

A

MAO B inhibitors

  • Selegiline (Zelepar)
  • Rasagiline (Azilect)
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14
Q

What medications when taken with Levodopa extends the effects of Levodopa to treat PD?

A

COMT inhibitors

  • Talcapone (Tasmar)
  • entacoapone (Comtan)
  • only effective when given with Levodopa
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15
Q

If someone with Tardive Dyskinesia needs to switch from a typical to an atypical antipsychotic, what are the first two medication choices?

A

1st choice: Clozapime

2nd: Seroquel

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16
Q

What is the only FDA-approved medication known to extend tracheostomy-free survival in a patient with ALS?

A

Riluzole (Rilutek)

-prolongs survival by 2-3 months

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17
Q

What 2 medications can be used to treat the pseudobulbar affect associated with ALS?

A

Nuedextra and Elavil

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18
Q

What medications can be used to treat spasticity in ALS patients?

A
  • Baclofen

- tizanidine (Zanaflex)

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19
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Pyridostigimine (Mestinon)

Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

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20
Q

What medications need to be AVOIDED in Myasthenia Gravis patients?

A
  • Quinolones: Cipro, Levaquin
  • Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin
  • Beta blockers: Propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol
  • Anesthetics
  • Botox
  • Calcium-channel blockers
  • Dilantin
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21
Q

What are some immunosuppressants used in conjunction with Mestinon therapy in MG patients?

A

Corticosteroids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, methotrexate

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22
Q

What 2 antidopiminergic meds are used to suppress tics in those with Tourette’s?

A
  • Haldol

- Pimozide

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23
Q

What alpha-adrenergic agonists are used to treat Tourette’s patients who also have ADHD?

A
  • Clonidine (Catapres)

- Guanfacine (Intuniv)

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24
Q

Which professor is going to be nice and give us both the generic and brand name of drugs?

A

Prof Paulson. Bless her heart

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25
Q

What medication can reduce the wrinkles you’ll acquire from crying in PA school but also treats focal tics in Tourette’s patients?

A

Botox

26
Q

What is an SSRI used to treat Tourette’s patients who also have OCD?

A

1st line: Prozac

If ineffective, can use 2nd gen antipsychotics: Seroquel, Abilify, Zyprexa

27
Q

What medication is used to treat depression in elderly patients and also is helpful in stimulating appetite? (Especially good for those with Adult Failure to Thrive)

A

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

28
Q

What are first line meds used to treat peripheral neuropathy? What’s a side effect to watch out for?

A
  • Gabapentin (Neurontin)
  • Pregabalin (Lyrica)
  • SE: swelling, be careful prescribing to CHF patients
  • make sure to taper!
29
Q

What are some TCA antidepressants used to treat peripheral neuropathy? Side effects?

A

-Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
-Amitriptyline (Elavil)
SEs: dry mouth, sedation (take at night)
*Very bad to OD on

30
Q

What are some SNRI antidepressants used to treat peripheral neuropathy?

A
  • Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
  • Effexor
  • helpful in treating painful PN
  • can be expensive
31
Q

What are some topical treatments you can use to treat PN?

A

Capsaicin, Lidocaine patches, Voltaren (diclofenac), CBD

32
Q

What are 2 classes of abortive migraine medications? What are your concerns with them?

A

Triptans and Ergotamines

  • serotonin agonists
  • VASOCONSTRICTORS: be careful prescribing to pt’s with hx of CVA/MI
33
Q

What’s a strong pain killer you can give to treat migraines? Pros/Cons

A

Butalbital (Fioricet)
Pro: NOT a vasoconstrictor, ok for patient’s with bleeding issues
Con: very addictive, sedating

34
Q

What’s in a headache cocktail?

A

Toradol: painkiller (hard on stomach and kidneys)
Benadryl: antihistamine (makes pt sleepy)
Compazine: nausea med

35
Q

What is a medication option for someone with migraines AND neck pain?

A

Muscle relaxers: Flexeril, Tizanidine

36
Q

What is a medication option for someone with migraines AND trouble sleeping?
SEs?

A

Amitriptyline/Nortriptyline

SE: Dry mouth

37
Q

What is a medication option for someone with migraines AND doesn’t want to gain weight?
SEs?

A

Topiramate/Topamax

SE: Kidney stones, word finding difficulty “Dope-a-max”

38
Q

Treatment options for cluster headaches

A
  • O2 (high dose, 6L)
  • Injectable/nasal triptans or ergots
  • Verapamil
  • Flexeril
  • Melatonin
  • Lithium
39
Q

What medication can you use to treat chronic intracranial hypertension?

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

SEs: numbness in hands and feet, kidney stones

40
Q

What medications can you use for post-concussion syndrome?

A
  • Medrol dosepak: breaks the headache cycle

- Amitriptyline: slowly taper

41
Q

What medication is most commonly used in the hospital to treat seizures? SEs?

A

Keppra
SEs: cranky, depression, drowsiness.
Works FAST and doesn’t damage kidneys or liver

42
Q

What medication is used to treat seizures and improves mood and IQ? SEs?

A

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
-good for outpatient use, start low and go slow
SE: can cause itchy rash if dose increased too quickly, very rarely can trigger SJS

43
Q

What medication can be used to treat migraines and/or seizures but can cause weight gain?

A

Valproic acid (Depakote)

44
Q

Treatment options for Group A Step (GABHS)

A

1) PCN CK
2) Cephalosporins- cefdinir or cefpodoxime
3) If allergic to PCN: azithromycin, clindamycin, clarithromycin

45
Q

What is the dosage for Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) in an adult who has the flu?

A

Tamiflu: 75mg PO BID x5 days

46
Q

What is the preventative dosage for oseltamivir in an adult who has been exposed to someone with the flu?

A

Tamiflu: 75mg PO QD x 10 days

47
Q

Besides oseltamivir, what are two other medications used to treat flu?

A

1) Baloxivir (Zofluza) - dosage is weight based

2) Zanamivir (Relenza) - inhaled form (contraindicated in asthmatic patients), dose: 2 puffs Q12 hrs x5 days

48
Q

What targeted antibiotic would you use for someone with an active H. influenzae meningitis infection?

A

Ceftriaxone

49
Q

If a patient had been in contact with someone infected with H. influenzae meningitis, what antibiotic would you use for prophylactic treatment?

A

Rifampin

50
Q

What routine immunization is given to children to prevent H. flu meningitis?

A

b-Hib

51
Q

What targeted antibiotic would be used to treat someone with neisseria meningitides?

A

Ceftriaxone

52
Q

Ceftriaxone is the targeted antibiotic of choice for what two organisms causing meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitides and H. influenzae

53
Q

What prophylactic antibiotic would you use for someone who was in contact with a case of Neisseria meningitides?

A

Ciprofloxacin

54
Q

What vaccines work against neisseria meningitides strains A,C, and Y?

A

Menomume
Menactra
Menveo

55
Q

What vaccines work again neisseria meningitides strain B?

A

Trumemba

Bexsero

56
Q

What targeted antibiotic would you use with someone who has strep pneumo meningitis?

A

Vancomycin

57
Q

Are there prophylactic antibiotics to treat strep pneumo meningitis?

A

Nope, it’s not as contagious as the other bacterial organisms

58
Q

What are two vaccines used to prevent strep pneumo meningitis?

A

Prevnar and Pneumovax

59
Q

What antibiotic would you use to treat listeria monocytogenes meningitis?

A

Ampicillin IV

60
Q

What antiviral would you use to treat HSV encephalitis? What dose?

A

Acyclovir IV 10mg/kg Q8 hrs

61
Q

You ate some pork fried rice at a $1.35 per scoop Chinese restaurant and now you have Taenia solium tapeworm eggs eating your brain (was it worth it?) They are in active parasite phase, what medication should be used?

A

Albendazole

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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