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RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I > Exam 2- Martin's lectures (HA,Peripheral Nerve,Sz/Syncope) > Flashcards

Exam 2- Martin's lectures (HA,Peripheral Nerve,Sz/Syncope) Flashcards

1
Q

True or False.

Cranial nerves are peripheral nerves.

A

True
The peripheral nervous system is outside of skull and
vertebral column, and includes the cranial nerves.

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2
Q

Autoimmune disorders tend to be ______________(asymmetrical or symmetrical)?

A

Symmetrical

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3
Q

In Myasthenia Gravis weakness occurs in ___________(involuntary/voluntary) muscles around
the eyes, skeletal muscles, and diaphragm

A

Voluntary

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4
Q

You should always think of what autoimmune disease when someone complains of diplopia, esp if it comes and goes.

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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5
Q

____________ is the drug of choice for tx of Myasthenia Gravis. This med increases acetylcholine slowing the breakdown of Ach by acetylcholinesterase.

A

pyridostigmine (mestinon)

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6
Q

Why is it vital to review a pt’s med list if you see that they have been dx with myasthenia gravis?

A

These pt’s cannot have certain medications like macrolides, beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, quinines and more.

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7
Q

Botulism is a toxin that causes _________ paralysis

A

descending

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8
Q

_________ ________ Disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes ascending paralysis beginning in the limbs.

A

Guillain-Barre

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9
Q 
The following can be triggers for Guillain-Barre Dz, EXCEPT:
A. infection
B. vaccine
C. surgery
D. swimming
A

D. swimming

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10
Q

_______________ is a bacteria thought to be linked

to guillain-barre disease. Where is this bacteria found?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

animal feces

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11
Q

If a pt has Guillain-Barre dz, their lumbar puncture would show ______ (high/low/normal) level of protein and a _______ (high/low/normal) level of WBC’s.

A

high protein

normal WBC’s

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12
Q

True or false? Guillain-Barre dz can become chronic.

A

True.
5% if Guillain Barre can become Chronic (Chronic
inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

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13
Q

___________ is a “pins and needles” sensation

A

Paresthesia

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14
Q

__________ is a burning/ painful/ uncomfortable sensation.

A

Dysesthesia

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15
Q

________ is a pain sensation to non-painful stimuli (example DM neuropathy or fibromyalgia or migraine)

A

allodynia

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16
Q 
If a pt had the following s/sx's, they would likely have which form of peripheral neuropathy?
Pins and needles
Lost of joint position (proprioception)
Loss of vibration
Loss of reflexes
A

Large Fiber nerve

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17
Q 
If a pt had the following s/sx's, they would likely have which form of peripheral neuropathy?
Burning pain
Can have normal reflexes
Can affect autonomic function (BP,
pulse)
A

Small fiber nerve

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18
Q

True or false? Most of the time there is a known/given cause for peripheral neuropathy.

A

FALSE.
Often peripheral neuropathy is idiopathic!!!
-Between 30 to 40 percent of the
remaining cases are idiopathic

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19
Q

What is the most common cause for peripheral neuropathy in the US?

A

Diabetes

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20
Q

_____________ is the most sensitive test for

peripheral neuropathy

A

Tuning fork

21
Q

True or false?

Hypothyroidism, Uremia, Alcoholism, Sepsis Chemotherapy, and B12 deficiencies can cause peripheral neuropathy.

A

TRUE these are all other causes of neuropathy besides DM or idiopathic

22
Q

________ and _________ are two infections that can cause peripheral neuropathies.

A

HIV/AIDS and Leprosy

23
Q

True or false? Leprosy is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy WORLDWIDE.

A

True.

24
Q

How is leprosy transmitted?

a. blood
b. air
c. nasal secretions
d. all of the above

A

C. Transmission is via nasal secretions or close contact

25
Q

If a pt’s leg(s) appear like Inverted champagne bottles this is a hallmark sign of what commonly inherited neurologic disorder that leads to peripheral neuropathy?

A

Charcot Marie-Tooth

26
Q

Radial Mononeuropathy involves

the __________ and is also referred to as Saturday Night Palsy.

A

thumb

27
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome causes

tingling/pain in your _______.

A

Palms

28
Q

Ulnar Nerve Palsy involves the _______.

A

Pinky

29
Q

_______ _________ neuritis is a musculoskeletal cause of arm weakness associated with over head movement

A

Brachial plexus

30
Q

_______ nerve palsies typically happens in Pregnancy

A

Peroneal

31
Q

_________is the most common cause of syncope.

A

Vasovagal

32
Q

All of the following are causes for a vasovagal syncopal episode EXCEPT:

a. Having a bowel movement
b. Drinking water
c. Pain
d. Standing for a long time

A

b. drinking water

33
Q

True or false? People typically bounce back from a vasovagal episode in 12-15 mins.

A

False, They usu bounce back in 5 mins

34
Q

Postural hypotension is defined as a drop in systolic BP by ___ or a drop in diastolic BP by ___ after standing for 3 min

A

20

10

35
Q

Epilepsy means at least ___ seizures.

a. 2
b. 3
c. 5

A

a.2

36
Q

True or false? Simple partial seizures do not affect your awareness

A

TRUE

37
Q

Symptoms of a __________ lobe seizure causes nausea and deja vu.

A

Temporal

38
Q

Symptoms of a __________ lobe seizure can cause personality changes

A

Frontal

39
Q

Postictal paralysis (Todd’s paralysis) occurs ______ (before/after) a seizure and can last 15 mins to 24 hours.

A

After

40
Q

Status epilepticus is when seizures last ________

A

more than 5 mins

41
Q

True or False? Anything that scars the brain can cause a seizure.

A 
True
Seizures can be caused by:
Ischemic Strokes
Head bleeds
Tumors (Glioblastomas)
Hippocampal sclerosis
Atrophy (dementia)
Traumatic brain injury
42
Q

True or False? EEG’s can catch a seizure disorder and can rule out a seizure disorder

A

False.
EEG’s can catch a seizure disorder BUT CANNOT rule
out a seizure disorder

43
Q

Why would it be valid to check a metabolic panel and glucose on a pt who had a seizure?

A

Low glucose, sodium, magnesium and calcium can

cause seizures! (Not potassium)

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE? Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are just “faking a seizure” and should be ignored.

A

False. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are not “faking a seizure” it is how the brain processes stress

45
Q

__________ is a seizure medication that is good for stress-related seizures, because it has mood-stabilizing properties and also helps with IQ.

A

Lamotrigine

46
Q

Lamotrigine should be started low and slow, because it can cause _______ ________ Syndrome in some pts.

A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

47
Q

_______ is a good seizure med for inpatient use, because it acts fast and is mostly harmless.

A

Keppra

48
Q

_________ is another seizure medication, but is known to make pt’s feel sleepy or forget their words.

A

Topomax

49
Q

Which two seizure drugs can be used in pregnant women?

A

lamotrigine and keppra

RRCCPA Clinical Medicine I (49 decks)

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