medication side effects (cardiology)

Question 1

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 1

Hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, ↑glucose, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, ↑cholesterol

Question 2

ACEI

*Pts w/: CKD, DM, HF w/ ↓EF, post-MI

Answer 2

Hyperkalemia, angioedema, dry cough, ARF

Question 3

ARB

Answer 3

Hyperkalemia, cough and angioedema less common than ACEI

Question 4

CCB:

Dihydropyridine

Answer 4

HA, peripheral edema, dizziness, flushing, pulm edema

Question 5

CCB: Non-dihydropyridine

Answer 5

Constipation, bradycardia, HA, edema

Question 6

Beta-blockers

*Post-MI, HF, a-fib

Answer 6

↑airway resistance, PAD exac., fatigue hypoglycemia, sexual dysfunction, ↓lipid metabolism, weight gain, hyperkalemia (slight), ↓HR, AV block

Question 7

Alpha-blockers

*Older men w/ BPH & HTN

Answer 7

Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, myasthenia, HA

Question 8

A2 adrenergic agonist

*oral tab or patch

Answer 8

Dizziness, drowsiness, HA, fatigue, skin rash, bradycardia

Question 9

Vasodilators

Answer 9

Dizziness, HA, reflex tachycardia, palpitations, GI issues, fluid retention, lupus-like syndrome, anxiety, flushing

Question 10

Aldosterone Antagonists

*Resistant HTN, HF w/ ↓EF, cirrhosis

Answer 10

Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, somnolence, dizziness, dehydration

Question 11

Loop Diuretic

*not a good primary HTN med, best for edema

Answer 11

Hypokalemia, ↑BUN/Cr, hypomagnesemia, dizziness, hypotension, ototoxicity, hypo/hypernatremia

Question 12

ARNI

Answer 12

Hyperkalemia, hypotension, dizziness

Question 13

Positive Inotrope

*↑contractility

Answer 13

Arrythmias, visual disturbances, n/v, anorexia

• Dig toxicity*
• Levels increased by amiodarone, quinidine, verapamil

Question 14

Statins

Answer 14

Increased liver enzymes

Myositis

Myalgias

Myopathy

rhabdomyolosis

Question 15

Antilipemic

Answer 15

Must monitor LFTs

Cholelithiasis

Question 16

Bile acid sequestrants

Answer 16

Can initially increase VLDL- but will lower in about 4 weeks

Constipation, GI irritation, GI bleeding, Cholelithiasis, liver function test changes, myalgias, dizzinessm vertigo, anxiety

Question 17

Nicotinic acid

Answer 17

Cutaneous flushing, can take aspirin

GI disturbance

Must monitor liver fxn, uric acid levels, and glucose levels

Question 18

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 18

Cholelithiasis, GI disturbance, myalgias, liver enzyme abnormalities