ophthalmology - general Flashcards
define synechiae
condition when iris adheres to another structure
anterior - cornea
posterior - lens
triggers for synechiae
trauma
iritis
iridocyclitis
define iridocyclitis
inflammation of iris + ciliary body
Mydriasis
- define
Pupillary dilation
trachoma
- causative pathogen
- mechanism of disease
chlamydia trachomatis
chronic conjunctivitis causing scarring under eyelid and eyeball
define
- exotropia
manifest squint, with affected eye deviated temporally/ laterally
define
- esotropia
manifest squint, with affected eye deviated nasally / medially
define
- exophoria
latent squint, with affected eye deviated temporally / laterally
define
- esophoria
latent squint, with affected eye deviated nasally / medially
what is a manifest strabismus
a manifest strabismus is a strabismus that is present with both eyes open
what is a latent strabismus
a latent strabismus is a strabismus that is present when one eye is occluded
what is the difference between a ‘-phoria’ and a ‘-tropia’
‘-phoria’ refers to a latent squint; a strabismus when 1 eye is occluded
‘-tropia’ refers to a manifest squint; a strabismus when both eyes are opened
what is a comitant strabismus
a strabismus that occurs in all directions of gaze
what is a non-comitant strabismus
a strabismus that is only observed in some directions of gaze
what is amblyopia (layman’s, and clinical definition)
layman - when 1 eye has significantly reduced visual acuity than the other, despite being structurally intact
clinical - best corrected difference of 2 lines, in a structurally intact eye
define
- hypertropia, hyperphoria
hyper means an abnormal upward deviation of the eye
hypertropia - manifest abnormal upward eye deviation
hyperphoria - latent abnormal upward eye deviation
define
- hypotropia, hypophoria
hypo means an abnormal downward deviation of the eye
hypotropia - manifest abnormal downward eye deviation
hypophoria - latent abnormal downward eye deviation
define lagophthalmos
being unable to fully close the eyelid
etymology
- lago means hare, ophthalmos means eye
- they used to think that rabbits slept with eyes not totally closed
ddx for lagophthalmos (4)
sleep (nocturnal lagophthalmos)
facial nerve palsy
eyelid scarring
exophthalmos
