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Opera Flashcards

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1
Q

What was opera mostly about?

A

Mythical stories

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2
Q

Why did opera flourish in Italy?

A

States ij competition

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3
Q

When did ‘public’ opera developer in Italy and where

A

Venice 1637

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4
Q

Jacopo Peri Euridice

A

1600

Libretto= Ottavio Rinuccini

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5
Q

How was Peris euridice fit for a wedding?

A

Ending changed to be happy

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6
Q

Where was Peris Euridice first performed?

A

Pilti Palas, Florence

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7
Q

Italian opera structure

A

Recitatives

Words structure the music

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8
Q

What was the focus on in Italian opera?

A

Vocal music

Not a large role for Instruments

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9
Q

Instrumentation of Italian Operas

A

Large scale

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10
Q

Intermedio

A

Italian

Musical act inbetween acts of a play

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11
Q

Castrati

A

Boys castrated in Italian opera to keeo high voices

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12
Q

What does L’Orfeo have the same story as?

A

Euridice

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13
Q

L’Orfeo

A

1607

Monteverdi

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14
Q

Why was L’Orfeo different to other Italian operas e.g Euridice

A

Instrumentals e.g ritornelli

Emotion

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15
Q

What was L’Orfeo written for and how is this shown?

A

Duke of Mantuas power display against his brother

Prologue praises the duke

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16
Q

Italian operas use of instruments

A

Used in groups e.g just ww in underworld

Renaissance style

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17
Q

L’Orfeo act 2

A

Greatest range of emotions

Rejoicing then tragedy at Euridice death

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18
Q

What did Monteverdi start to do?

A

Write small public operas

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19
Q

How did French Operas reflect the ruling style?

A

Absolute power of Louis XIV
Absolute control over opera by Jean Baptiste Lully
Palais Royale

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20
Q

Differences between French and Italian opera

A

France had more dance
France had more lavish costumes and set
No Castrato voice in France
French recitative

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21
Q

French recitative

A

Word based (like Aria)
Functional bass line
French

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22
Q

Why was Lully careful to separate French and Italian Opera

A

Lully was Italian
Prologue always in praise of Louis XIV
Louis payed him so he didn’t have to make money

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23
Q

Tragedie en musique

A

French
Love and duty
Drama in 5 acts about mythological subjects
Dance

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24
Q

French instrumentation

A

Smaller
5-part string band
Travelled
Larger role for Instruments

25
Q

French harmonic repeating pattern

A 
Chaconne = major
Passacaylia = minor
26
Q

Lully, Persee, Act 3

A

1682
The Palace gardens
Dancing, fight scenes and special effects
Story of Perseus, son of Zeus, ans his fight Against Medusa

27
Q

What did Intermedio represent?

A

Gods/leaders

28
Q

Who’s wedding was Euridice written for?

A

Maria de Medici and French King Henry IV

29
Q

The Ballet comique de la reine

A

French
Showed the richness of King Henris reign
Intrigated music, dance and drama with variety and splendour

30
Q

What did comic mean in ballet comique de la reine?

A

Beautiful, calm and happy conclusion

31
Q

How were the Intermedi virtuosic?

A

Solos, madrigals in elaborate counterpoint, accompanied choruses and sinfonias

32
Q

What Intermedi was an important precursor to opera and ballet

A

Florentine intermedi

33
Q

What principles of Intermedi formed the general principles for structuring theatrical dance and performance

A

Interlocking variations of basic material and music controlling poetry

34
Q

L’Orfeos advanced thinking

A

Inventive use if music to control pace/flow

Symbolic writing

35
Q

Dramatic centrepiece of Orfeo

A

Orfeos prayer to Carante
Strophic variations over slow moving bass line
Solemn sound of trombones mark underworld
Strings represent Orpheuses lyre

36
Q

Northern Italian festivals

A

Showed theatre to the public

37
Q

Barbenni operas in Rome

A

1623
Started to divide into scene
Travelling troupes began to present to the public

38
Q

Which troupe spread Roman operas?

A

Commedia dell’arte
1645
Large opera in French Court

39
Q

First public opera House in France

A

Palais Royale

1670s

40
Q

How did Commedia Dell’arte influence French opera

A

French opera turned away from heroism and increasingly towards human love, influenced by Commedia Dell’arte imagery

41
Q

De capo aria

A

Aria in three parts

1) theme
2) contrasting
3) return of the theme

42
Q

J. C bach

A

Blended German and Italian traditions

Attractive to Mozart

43
Q

Haydn dates

A

1723-1809

Life covered many musical changes

44
Q

Storm and stress and Haydn

A

Tempesta movement

Late 1770s = half his works minor

45
Q

Why was London important to Haydn?

A

Europe’s largest city
Received lots of praise
12 symphonies reinvented sonata form

46
Q

How did Haydn reinvent sonata form

A

2nd subject almost eliminated allowing more extended works

47
Q

Haydn and ‘the creation’

A

Embraces his mature symphonic style hut also draws on Vuennese traditions and an English, Handelian one

48
Q

Mozart dates

A

1756-1791

24 yesrs after Haydn

49
Q

How did Mozart piano concertos enlarge the idea of Concertos

A

Added a sonata form in which solo episodes alternate with Ritornellos
Dialogue between orchestra and piano
Piano elaborated orchestral ideas

50
Q

Mozart finest manifestation of counterpoint

A

‘Jupiter’

Piano symphonies fell out of favour = mozart in trouble

51
Q

Mozart first great opera

A

Idomeneo

52
Q

How did Mozart develop comic opera

A

Infusing it with a new humanity and depth

Characters recognisable and defined by their music

53
Q

Mozart and opera music

A 
Music representations 
Defined class and situation of a character
54
Q

Mozart and the freemasons

A

Was a freemason from 1784

Magic flute defines the age of enlightenment

55
Q

Opera worldwide

A

Each country has its own form of light opera

Italian = language of court opera so Italians held important positions

56
Q

Boccherini

A

Isolation in Spain = away from mainstream

Individuality

57
Q

Clementi

A

Pupil of Haydn and competed with Mozart before the Emporer

Experiments with pianoforte and developed thr nocturne style Chopin went on to use

58
Q

Beethkven6

A

Climax and dissolution of classical music

History (20 decks)

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