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Study > Oncology: Dx & Tx > Flashcards

Oncology: Dx & Tx Flashcards

1
Q

General S/S

What does CAUTION stand for?

A 
Change in bowel/bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening or lump in breast/elsewhere
Indigestion/difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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2
Q

General S/S

What does C in CAUTION stand for?

A

Change in bowel/bladder habits

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3
Q

General S/S

What does A in CAUTION stand for?

A

A sore that does not heal

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4
Q

General S/S

What does U in CAUTION stand for?

A

Unusual bleeding/discharge

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5
Q

General S/S

What does T in CAUTION stand for?

A

Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

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6
Q

General S/S

What does I in CAUTION stand for?

A

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

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7
Q

General S/S

What does O in CAUTION stand for?

A

Obvious change in wart or mole

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8
Q

General S/S

What does N in CAUTION stand for?

A

Nagging cough/hoarsenss

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9
Q

General S/S

Cancer can invade bone marrow which leads to ___

A

Anemia (hypoxia)
Leukopenia (infection risk!)
Thrombocytopenia (bleeding precautions)

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10
Q

General S/S

Unexplained ___

A

Weight loss

*cachexia

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11
Q

General S/S

Fever is an early sign with ____

A

Leukemia

Lymphomas

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12
Q

General S/S

What is the #1 symptoms that clients complain of with dx of cancer

A

Fatigue

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13
Q

General S/S

Pain is an early sign of what cancers?

A

Bone, brain, testicular

Severe HA–possible brain
Back pain–possible colon, rectum

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14
Q

Blood tests

What is abnormal?

A

CBC and differential

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15
Q

Blood tests

Most concerned with what lab?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Blood tests

What is elevated?

A

Liver enzymes

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17
Q

Blood tests

Other?

A

AST ALT

Tumor markers

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18
Q

Positive dx studies? (7)

A
  • CXR
  • CT
  • MRI
  • PET
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Tissue biopsy
  • Imaging
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19
Q

What is total laryngectomy?

A

Removal of vocal cords, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

Total laryngectomy

This client will have permanent ___

A

Tracheostomy or laryngectomy (same things but trach is short term and laryngectomy is long term)

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21
Q

Total laryngectomy

Post op HOB?

A

30-45

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22
Q

Total laryngectomy

Why NG feedings?

A

To protect suture line (peristalsis can disrupt suture)

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23
Q

Total laryngectomy

Monitor __

A

Drains

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24
Q

Total laryngectomy

Watch for ____

A

Carotid artery rupture

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25
Q

Total laryngectomy

Frequent ___ care to decrease bacterial count

A

Mouth

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26
Q

Total laryngectomy

NPO people are at risk for getting ___

A

Pneumonia

27
Q

Total laryngectomy

When the client leaves the hospital, a __ will be used to cover the trach because it acts like a filter

A

Bib

28
Q

Total laryngectomy

What environment helps

A

Humidified

29
Q

Total laryngectomy

All breathing is done how?

A

Through stoma

30
Q

Total laryngectomy

Can client talk?

A

No unless they are using electrolarynx or Blom-singer device

31
Q

Total laryngectomy

Can client whistle?
Drink through straw?
Smoke?
Swim?

A

NO!!

*although some still smoke even though that is NOT recommended!!

32
Q

Goals of tx?

A

Cure
Control
Palliation

33
Q

What is adjuvant therapy?

A

Two therapy used together (chemo and radiation)

34
Q

What is neoadjuvant therapy?

A

Time specific (one before the next)

surgery, then chemo

35
Q

What is tx plan based on?

A
  • Recommended tx plans for dx
  • Grade of cancer
  • What client wants!!!!
36
Q

Why do surgery?

A
  • Prevention (remove benign/pre-malignant tumors)
  • Dx (to stage/lymph node mapping)
  • Tx
  • Reconstruction (breast cancer)
37
Q

Post op after mastectomy

Bleeding–where to check dressings?

A

Front and back (blood can pool in the back)

38
Q

Post op after mastectomy

If reconstruction includes using their own tissue, they will also have ___ surgical site

A

Abdominal site

*can harvest adipose tissue from other sites but abdomen is most common

39
Q

Post op after mastectomy

What draining system will they have?

A

Hemovac or Jackson Pratt

40
Q

Post op after mastectomy

What if lymph nodes were removed from one side?

A

Avoid this for LIFETIME of client!!!:

  • No BP
  • No blouses with elastic
  • No watch
  • No IV or injections on affected side

*wear gloves when gardening, watch small cuts, no nail biting, no sunburns

41
Q

Post op after mastectomy

What helps promote circulation?

A

Brush hair
Squeeze tennis ball
Wall climbing
Flex and extend elbow

42
Q

What is internal radiation?

A

Brachytherapy

43
Q

Brachytherapy (internal) is used to get the radiation ___ to the cancer or target tissue

A

Close

44
Q

Brachytherapy (internal) is internal so it is ____ the body

A

Inside!

Brachytherapy is very CLOSE to target tissue bc radiation is inside body

45
Q

With all types of brachytherapy (internal) the client emit ____ for a period of time and is a hazard to others

A

Radiation

46
Q

Brachytherapy (internal) is either sealed or unsealed.

What is unsealed?
Ex?
Radioactive?

A

Client and body fluids emit radiation

EX: Radioisotope given IV or PO

*radioactive 24-48 hrs

47
Q

Brachytherapy (internal) is either sealed or unsealed.

What is sealed/solid?
Radioactive?

A

Client emits radiation but body fluids are NOT radioactive

*can be temporary or permanent implant that is placed close to or inside tumor

48
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

How often to rotate nursing assignments? Why?

A

Daily so nurse isn’t continually exposed

*if you have radiation client, that is your ONLY client for that shift!!

49
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

What room?

A

Private

50
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

Nurse wear what?

A

Film badge at all times

51
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

Visitors

A
  • Restrict visitors
  • Limit each to 30 min per day, must stay 6 feet from source
  • No visitors less than 16 years old
  • No pregs (visitors or nurses!!)
52
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

How to mark room?

A

With instructions for specific isotope

53
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

Wear what?

A

Gloves with risk of exposure to body fluids

54
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

How to prevent dislodgment?

A
  • Keep client on bedrest
  • DECREASE fiber
  • Prevent bladder distention (put pt on catheter)
55
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

What if implant becomes dislodge. How to get it?

A

Gloves
Pick up with forceps
Put in lead container

56
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

After radiation? (5)

A
  • Can sleep in bed with spouse/children (1-11 days)
  • Dont use public transportation
  • Dont return to work immediately
  • Dont share utensils/cook for others
  • Stay away from people (6 ft away at least!), esp children for 2-3 days at least
57
Q

Precautions with brachytherapy (internal) radiation

How to flush toilet?

A

Close lid and flush 2-3x each use

58
Q

External radiation (teletherapy, beam)

Radioactive?

A

No

59
Q

External radiation (teletherapy, beam)

SE?

A

Limited to exposed tissues

  • Erythema
  • Shedding of skin
  • Altered taste
  • FATIGUE
  • Pancytopenia
60
Q

External radiation (teletherapy, beam)

S/S are ___ and ___ related

A

Location and dose

61
Q

External radiation (teletherapy, beam)

Can you wash off markings?

A

No

62
Q

External radiation (teletherapy, beam)

How long to protect site from sunlight and UV exposure?

A

1 year after completion of therapy

63
Q

External radiation (teletherapy, beam)

What is this?

A

Focused beam or high energy rays deliver by a machine outside of the body

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