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Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need adrenal glands?

A

To handle stress

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2
Q

What are the two parts to the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal cortex

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3
Q

What does adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine

Norepinehrine

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4
Q

What is the adrenal medulla problem?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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5
Q

What is a pheochromocytoma?

A

Benign tumors that secrete epic and norepi in BOLUSES

tend to be familial

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6
Q

Pheochromocytoma

BP?
HR?
Body temp?
HA?

A

BP, HR increased (also can have palpitations)

Flushing, extremely diaphoretic

HA

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7
Q

T/F: If client has pheochromocytoma we need to palpate abdomen

A

F!! Doing this could release epi and norepi and cause severe HTN!

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8
Q

Pheochromocytoma

Dx?

A

Catecholamine levels–VMA test or MN test

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9
Q

Pheochromocytoma

What are foods that can alter the VMA or MN test?

A

Anything with vanilla in it
Caffeine
Vit. B
Fruit juices and bananas

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10
Q

Pheochromocytoma

How to do the VMA/MN test?

A

24 hour urine specimen is done and you look for increased levels of epic and norepie (aka catecholamines)

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11
Q

Pheochromocytoma

What are activities that can increase epi and norepi?

A

Smoking

Running

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12
Q

Pheochromocytoma

Tx?

A

Remove the tumor

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13
Q

What does adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Sex hormones

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14
Q

Adrenal cortex-Glucocorticoids

4 big things that these do?

A
  1. Change mood
  2. Alter defense mechanisms
  3. Breakdown fats and proteins
  4. Inhibi insulin
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15
Q

Adrenal cortex-Glucocorticoids

Change mood..how?

A

Depressed
Psychotic
Euphoric
Insomnia

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16
Q

Adrenal cortex-Glucocorticoids

Alter defense mechanisms..how?

A

Infection risk!! Immunosuppressed

17
Q

Adrenal cortex-Glucocorticoids

Breakdown fats and proteins..What do these do?

A

Help regulate glucose metabolism

18
Q

Adrenal cortex-Glucocorticoids

Inhibit insulin…what does this mean?

A

Hyperglycemic

Do BG monitoring!!

19
Q

Adrenal cortex-Minderalocorticoids (aldosterone)

What with Na H20 and K?

A

Retain Na and H20

Lose K

20
Q

Adrenal cortex-Minderalocorticoids (aldosterone)

Too much aldosterone = ?

A

Fluid volume excess (retaining too much Na and H20)

Hypokalemia

21
Q

Adrenal cortex-Minderalocorticoids (aldosterone)

Not enough aldosterone =?

A

Fluid volume deficit (loos Na and H20)

Hyperkalemia

22
Q

Adrenal cortex-Sex hormones (testo, estro, progestro)

Too many sex hormones = ?

A

Hirsutism
Acne
Irregular menstrual cycle

23
Q

Adrenal cortex-Sex hormones (testo, estro, progestro)

Not enough sex hormones = ?

A

Decreased axillary/pubic hair

Decreased libido

24
Q

Where is ACTH made?

A

In pituitary

25
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Stimulate cortisol (steroids) to be made

26
Q

Increase ACTH = ?

A

Increase cortisol level

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