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Study > CAD: Chronic stable angina > Flashcards

CAD: Chronic stable angina Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of CV disease?

A

CAD

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2
Q

CAD includes what?

A

Chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndrome

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3
Q

Chronic stable angina patho

Intermittent decreased blood flow to the myocardium leads to ischemia or necrosis? What does it lead to?

A

Ischemia

Ischemia can lead to temp/pain pressure in chest

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4
Q

Chronic stable angina patho

What brings the pain on?

A

Low O2 usually due to exertion

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5
Q

Chronic stable angina patho

What relieves the pain?

A

Rest and/or nitroglycerin SL

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6
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

How is it given?

A

SL

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7
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

What does it cause?

A

Venous and arterial dilation —dilation causes decrease in preload and after load

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8
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

Dilates and causes decrease in preload and after load. It also causes dilation of ____ which will increase blood flow to actual heart muscle (myocardium)

A

Cornary arteries

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9
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

How often to take?

A

Take 1 every 5 min for 3 doses

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10
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

Ok to swallow?

A

No

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11
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

How to store

A

Dark, glass bottle
Dry
Cool

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12
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

How it feels when its in mouth

A

May or may not burn or fizz

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13
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

T/F: HA is to happen

A

T

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14
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

Call doc for HA?

A

NO..this is expected to happen, nothing life-threatening. don’t need to call doc

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15
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

How often to renew?

A

Every 3-5 months

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16
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

What if it is spray–how often to renew?

A

Every 2 years

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17
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Nitroglycerine

After giving this, what should BP do?

A

Decrease

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18
Q

Never leave who?

A

An unstable client

19
Q

Take one NTG SL, after 5 min if chest pain/discomfort is unimproved or worsened, do what?

A

Activate emergency response

20
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: BB

What do BB do to BP, P and myocardial contractility?

A

Decrease

21
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: BB

What does this do to workload of heart?

A

Decrease

22
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: BB

BB block beta cells. These are the receptors sites for what?

A

Catecholamines (epi and norepi)

23
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: BB

Decreased contractility so ___ to CO?

A

Decrease

24
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: BB

Decrease or increase workload of heart?

A

Decrease

25
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: CCB

Examples?

A

Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem

26
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: CCB

What do these do to BP?

A

Decrease

27
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: CCB

These cause vasodilation of the ____

A

Arterial system (after load)

28
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: CCB

Dilate what?

A

Coronary arteries

29
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: CCB

2 benefits?

A

Decrease after load

Increase oxygen to muscle

30
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Acetylsalicyclic acid

What is this drug?

A

Aspirin –anti platelet

31
Q

Chronic stable angina tx: Acetylsalicyclic acid

How is dose determined?

A

By doc (81-325 mg)

32
Q

Chronic stable angina: Education/teaching

Rest how often?
Avoid what? (3)
When to exercise after eating?
How to dress?

A

Rest frequently

Avoid overeating, excess caffeine/drug that increase HR, and isometric exercises (lifting weights)

Wait 2 hours after eating to exercise

Dress warmly in cold weather (any temp. extreme can precipitate an attack)

33
Q

Chronic stable angina: Education/teaching

When to take nitro?
Stop what?
Lose what?
Reduce what?

A

Take nitro prophylactically

Stop smoking

Lose weight

Reduce stress

34
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Pre procedure

Ask about what?

A

If they are allergic to shellfish or iodine

35
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Pre procedure

What do we want to check because dye is excreted here?

A

Check kid function bc dye is excreted through kidneys

36
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Pre procedure

What may be ordered pre procedure if they have kidney problems and why?

A

Acetyclysteine – helps protect the kidneys

37
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Pre procedure

What does it feel like when dye is injected?

A

Hot shot

38
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Pre procedure

T/F: Palpitations normal

A

T

39
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Post procedure

Monitor what?
Watch what?
Assess what?

A

Monitor VS

Watch puncture site for bleeding/hematoma formation

Assess extremity distal to puncture site (5Ps)

40
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Post procedure

What are 5Ps?

A 
Pulselessness
Pallor
Pain
Paresthesia
Paralysis
41
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Post procedure

Position after?

A

Bed rest
Flat
Extremity straight for 4-6 hr

42
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Post procedure

Major complication ?

A

Bleeding

43
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Post procedure

Report what ASAP?

A

Pain (could be arterial occlusion; bleeding)

44
Q

Cardiac cauterization–Post procedure

What if client is on metformin?

A

Hold the med for 48 hours post procedure!

Worried about kidneys!

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