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Study > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

How can cancer be classified?

A

By tissue or blood cells where it starts

The type

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of cancer?

A

Solid tumors

Hematologic malignancies

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3
Q

Where do solid tumors arise from?

A

Specific tissue

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4
Q

What are types of solid tumors?

A

Sarcomas

Carcinomas

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5
Q

Where do sarcomas (solid tumor) begin in?

A

CT (tissues that the body uses to connect/support other tissues)

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6
Q

Where do carcinomas (solid tumor) originate from?

A

Epithelial tissues (tissue that lines organs)

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7
Q

Where do hematologic malignancies originate from?

A

Blood or lymphatic cells

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8
Q

How can metastasis occur?

A
  • Direct invasion

- Through blood or lymph system

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9
Q

What is the #1 cause of preventable cancer?

A

Tobacco

*tobacco + alcohol= co-cargcinogenic

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10
Q

What are some suspected dietary causes of cancer?

A
  • Low fiber
  • Increased red meat
  • Increased animal fat
  • Nitrites
  • Alcohol
  • Preservatives and additives
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11
Q

T/F: obesity, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition can lead to cancer

A

T

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12
Q

Increased incidence of cancer in the ____

A

Immunosuppressed

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13
Q

The most important risk factor of cancer is ____

A

Aging

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14
Q

What race has higher risk for cancer?

A

AA then whites

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15
Q

Ex of a gene that puts you at risk?

A

BRCA1

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16
Q

Exposure to what is a risk factor?

A

UV radiation

Carcinogens (asbestos, soot, diesal exhaust)

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17
Q

T/F: Stress has no correlation to increased cancer risk

A

F

18
Q

Chronic ___ can cause uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

A

Irritation

19
Q

Primary prevention

These are ways to help ___ the actual occurrence of cancer

A

Prevent

20
Q

Primary prevention

No ____

A

Smoking

21
Q

Primary prevention

Diet/exercise?

A

Exercise
Good nutrition; limit/eliminate alcohol
Normal body weight

22
Q

Primary prevention

Get the vaccines for preventable viral exposures. Ex?

A

Hep B

HPV

23
Q

Primary prevention

Avoid exposures to known carcinogens. Ex?

A
  • Wear sunscreen

- Avoid second hand smoke

24
Q

Secondary prevention

This is when we use ____ to pick up on cancer early when there is greater chance for cure/control

A

Screenings

25
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

What is recommended as secondary prevention?

A

Breast self-awareness

26
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Beginning in their 20s, women should be told about the benefits and limitations of _____

A

Monthly BSE

27
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the BSE?

A

Day 7-12

28
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Post menopausal or women who have had hysterectomy should perform BSE when?

A

On same day every month

29
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

How often to get clinical self breast exam?

A

20-30 q1-3 yr

Over 40 q year

30
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Mammogram-annually starting at age ___ with 2 views of each breast

A

40

31
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Before a mammogram, what should you teach your client to not apply on their body?

A

No lotion, no powder, no deodorant

32
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Pap smears beginning at age __ and performed every ___ if no problems

A

21, q3

33
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Colonoscopy at age ___ then every 10 years if no problems

A

50

34
Q

Secondary prevention-FEMALE

Testing the stool for fecal occult blood should be done ___ beginning at age 50, unless previous problems or positive family hx

A

Yearly

35
Q

Secondary prevention-MALE

Provide info on BSE and have ____ clinical testicular exams

A

Yearly

36
Q

Secondary prevention-MALE

Testicular tumors grow slow or fast?

A

FAST!!!

*many clinicians recommended monthly TSE

37
Q

Secondary prevention-MALE

The major age group that gets testicular is who?

A

Young males–between 15-36

*teaching must begin early!

38
Q

Secondary prevention-MALE

Digital rectal exam and prostate specific antigen (PSA) may be checked annually for men over the age of __

A

50

39
Q

Secondary prevention-MALE

Colonoscopy at age ___ then every 10 years, and yearly ____

A

50

Yearly fecal occult blood testing

40
Q

Tertiary prevention

Focuses on the management of long term care for clients with ____

A

Complex tx for cancer

41
Q

Tertiary prevention

Ex?

A

Support groups

Rehab programs

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