Complications of diabetes Flashcards
DKA
Examples of things that can throw client into DKA?
Illness
Infection
Skipping insulin
DKA may be the first sign of ___
Diabetes
DKA
Symptoms more related to T1 or T2?
T1
No insulin/not enough–glucose goes sky high–PPP–fat breakdown–Kussmaul respirations–Metabolic acidosis–LOC decreases
In DKA, you have very little or no insulin and severe hyperglycemia which leads to ___
Fat break down and metabolic acidosis
DKA treatment
- Find the ___
- How often for BS and K levels?
- Give what type of insulin?
- Need ECG?
- Hourly what?
- Check ___
- Give ____
- Find cause
- Blood sugar and K levels hourly
- Give IV insulin
- Yes need ECG
- Hourly outputs
- Check ABGs
- Give IV fluids
DKA tx
What does IV insulin do?
Decreases glucose and K by driving them out of vasc. space and into the cell
DKA tx
Why give IV fluids?
How to give IV fluids?
Polyuria (peeing a lot) can lead to shock
Start with NS then when BS goes down to about 250-300 switch to D5W to prevent hypoglycemia. **doc may add K at some point
HHS/HHNK
Looks like DKA but what is not there?
Ketones
Acidosis
HHS/HHNK
Glucose?
Over 600
HHS/HHNK
Making just enough insulin so they aren’t breaking down ___
Fat
*no fat breakdown no ketones no ketones no acidosis
HHS/HHNK
Kussmaul respirations
No
DKA is associated with __
T1
HHNK (HHS) is associated with ___
T2
DKA and HHNK (HHS) are both hyperosmolar states caused by what ?
Hyperglycemia and dehydration
There is NO acidosis with HHNK (HHS)!!!
Vascular problems: micro and macro
Will develop poor circulation everywhere due to ___
Vessel damage
