Old Material Flashcards
nervous system
an interacting network of neurons that conveys information through the body
central nervous system
composed of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
CNS to the body’s organs and muscles
automatic nervous system
involuntary and automatic commands
sympathetic nervous system
prepares body for action
parasympathetic nervous system
helps the body return to a normal resting state
somatic nervous system
voluntary muscle movement
neuron
cells in the nervous system that communicate with each other to perform information processing tasks
dendrites
parts of the neuron that receive information from other neurons and relay it to the cell body
cell body (soma)
part of the neuron that coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive
axons
carries information to other neurons, muscles, or glands
myelin sheathe
an insulating layer of fatyt material
synapse
region between an axon and dendrites
types of neurons
sensory, motor, interneurons
sensory neuron
receive information from external world and convey info to the brain
motor neuron
carry signals from spinal cords to muscles
interneurons
connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, and other interneurons
neurotransmitters
chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to dendrites
endorphins
help dull experience of pain and evaluates moods
dopamine
involved in regulating motor behavior, motivation, and emotional arousal
serotonin
influence mood and arousal
glutamate
excitatory neurotransmitter which enhances the transmission of info between neurons
GABA
inhibitory neurotransmitter which prevents firing of neurons and neurons become hyperpolarized
Acetylcholine
involved in voluntary motor control, attention, learning, sleeping, memory
norepinephrine
involved in state of vigilance or heightened awareness of danger
what makes up the hindbrain
medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum, pons
types of neurotransmitters
norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, glutamate, GABA
what makes up the midbrain
tectum, tegmentum
what makes up the forebrain
cerebral cortex, subcortical structures
cerebral cortex
outermost layer made up of two hemispheres
what makes up the cerebral cortex
frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe
subcortical structures
areas of the forebrain under cerebal cortex
what makes up the cerebral cortex
thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia
thalamus
relays information to cerebal cortex
hypothalamus
regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior
basal ganglia
directs intentional movements
medulla
coordinates heart rate, circulation, respiration
reticular formation
regulates sleep, wakefulness, and arousal
tectum
orients in environment
tegmentum
movement and arousal
sleep stages and their waves
awake - beta waves
drowsy - alpha waves
stage 1 - theta waves
stage 2 - K complexes
stage 3 - delta waves
REM sleep - beta waves
why we sleep theories
- restorative theory
- circadian rhythm theory
- consolidation theory
- synaptic homeostasis hypothesis
synaptic homeostasis hypothesis
filter out unimportant synaptic connections
why we dream theories
- Freudian theory
- problem solving
- facilitate memory storage
- synthesis model
synthesis model
brains are always active
encoding specificity
a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it recreates the way information was encoded
seven sins of memory
- memory misattribution
- bias
- blocking
- persistence
- transience
- absentmindedness
- suggestibility
transience
forgetting that occurs with time
memory misattribution
assigning information to wrong source
suggestbility
incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal information
James Lange Theory
emotion occurs in response to physiological changes
Cannon Bard Theory
emotional response occurs at the same time as the physiological changes
