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Psych 202 > Chapter 5: States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5: States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties related to the nature of consciousness?

A

intentionality, unity, selectivity, transience

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2
Q

intentionality

A

awareness is directed towards something

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3
Q

unity

A

the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s sense into one coherent whole

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4
Q

selectivity

A

focus on some things but not others

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5
Q

cocktail party phenomenon

A

when our attention shifts when someone grabs our attention shifts

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6
Q

minimal consciousness

A

low level sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

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7
Q

full consciousness

A

you are aware and alert to report your mental state

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8
Q

self-consciousness

A

where a person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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9
Q

what controls circadian rhythms

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

melatonin

A

a hormone that gets secreted in response to darkness which causes us to feel tired

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11
Q

circadian rhythm

A

changes in energy level, mood, and efficiency through the day

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12
Q

What are the stages of sleep?

A

3 successive stages of non-REM sleep plus REM sleep

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13
Q

waves when awake

A

beta waves

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14
Q

waves when drowsy

A

alpha waves

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15
Q

waves in stage 1

A

theta waves

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16
Q

waves in stage 2

A

sleep spindles, K complexes

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17
Q

waves in stage 3

A

delta waves

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18
Q

waves in REM sleep

A

fast, random waves (sawtooth waves), beta activity

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19
Q

REM sleep

A

paradoxical sleep with rapid eye movement and signals from the motor cortex are blocked

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20
Q

What happens when you deprive REM sleep?

A

impair memory formation

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21
Q

REM rebound

A

a person temporarily receives more REM sleep than they normally would

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22
Q

What happens when you deprive Non-REM sleep?

A

lethargy, depression, increase sensitivity to pain

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23
Q

What are the effects of sleep deprivation?

A

causes lapses in attention, irritability, hand tremors, weight gain, depression, increased mortality

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24
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep

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25
Q

somnambulism

A

walking in sleep during N3 sleep

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26
Q

nightmares

A

during REM sleep, disturbing dreams

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27
Q

night terrors

A

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

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28
Q

narcolepsy

A

a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

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29
Q

narcolepsy

A

a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks osccur in the middle of waking activities

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30
Q

sleep apnea

A

when people stop breathing during the night

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31
Q

What are the theories related to why we sleep?

A

restorative theory, circadian rhythm theory, consolidation theory, synaptic homeostasis hypothesis

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32
Q

restorative theory

A

allows us to recover from the day

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33
Q

circadian rhythm theory

A

we go to sleep because it kept us out of danger

34
Q

consolidation theory

A

sleep allows us to review and store the information during the day

35
Q

synaptic homeostasis hypothesis

A

sleep allows us to filter out unimportant synaptic connections

36
Q

dreams during NREM sleep

A

fleeting thoughts and images, less common

37
Q

dreams during REM sleep

A

more vivid and elaborate, more common

38
Q

How does our sleep pattern change throughout the night?

A

REM sleep increases and deep sleep decreases

39
Q

What are the theories related to why we dream?

A

Freudian Theory, Problem solving of dreams for survival theory, dreams facilitating memory storage, activation synthesis model

40
Q

Freudian Theory

A

manifest (what happens in the dream) and latent content (what the meaning is)

41
Q

Problem solving or dreams-for-survival theory

A

opportunity for us to struggle with problems we are currently working on

42
Q

Activation synthesis model

A

random neuronal activity, our brains are always active
Theory by Hobson and McCarley

43
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

Chemicals that alter our consciousness, perceptions, moods, thoughts, and behaviors

44
Q

The factors that make drugs influential

A

tolerance, physical dependence, psychological dependence

45
Q

tolerance

A

the phenomenon when an individual needs greater and greater amounts to achieve the high

46
Q

physical dependence

A

withdrawal symptoms that occur when you do not take the substance

47
Q

psychological dependence

A

feeling unable to cope with certain situations without substance

48
Q

What are the factors that influence of the development of dependence?

A

route of administration, rate of action, length of action

49
Q

route of administration

A

how does it get into CNS

50
Q

rate of action

A

how quickly does it get into CNS

51
Q

length of action

A

how long does it act for

52
Q

the disease model of addiction

A

addictions are seen as biologically based

53
Q

the life-process model

A

understand addiction in the context of relationship and experiences

54
Q

learning perspective

A

feels good, avoid pain, allows us to do better

55
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

we turn to substances to make up for something that is missing

56
Q

social perspective

A

used in social environment, social pressures

57
Q

cognitive perspective

A

becomes an automatic process

58
Q

Types of psychoactive drugs

A

depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens

59
Q

depressants

A

substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system

60
Q

Expectancy theory

A

individuals have certain expectations about what alcohol will do, then act in accordance with them

61
Q

alcohol myopia

A

reduces ability to think with complexity

62
Q

side effects of alcohol

A

interferes with coordination (cerebellum), antagonizing glutamate

63
Q

Stimulants

A

substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels

64
Q

caffeine

A

type of stimulant
increases heart rate, raises blood pressure

65
Q

nicotine

A

type of stimulant
increases heart rate, increase alertness and concentration

66
Q

narcotics

A

highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain

67
Q

hallucinogens

A

alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations

68
Q

alcohol

A

type of depressant

69
Q

ecstasy (MDMA)

A

type of stimulant
releases a lot serotonin and causes the cells to die out

70
Q

marijuana

A

type of hallucinogen
causes motivational syndrome, causes depression, increased risk of psychosis, increased risk of addiction of other substances

71
Q

phenomenology

A

how things seem to the conscious person

72
Q

problem of other minds

A

the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

73
Q

mind–body problem

A

the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

74
Q

mental control

A

the attempt to change conscious states of mind

75
Q

thought suppression

A

the conscious avoidance of a thought

76
Q

rebound effect of thought suppression

A

the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

77
Q

ironic processes of mental control

A

ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them

78
Q

dynamic unconscious

A

an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

79
Q

repression

A

a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious

80
Q

cognitive unconscious

A

All the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person

81
Q

altered state of consciousness

A

a form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind

82
Q

Five characteristics of dream consciousness

A

emotion, illogical thought, sensation, uncritical acceptance, difficulty remembering after the dream is over

Psych 202 (14 decks)

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