Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 202 > Chapter 16: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

social psychology

A

the study of the causes and consequences of reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cooperation

A

behavior in by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prisoner’s dilemma

A

illustrates risk of cooperation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

group

A

collection of people that have something in common that separates them of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

prejudice

A

feelings that go along with beliefs about members of another group or a different group
- both conscious and unsconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

costs of being in a group

A
  1. groups don’t fully capitalize on expertise of members
  2. common knowledge effect
  3. group members with moderate opinions can end up making extreme decisions
  4. group members are reluctant to share opposing opinions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

common knowledge effect

A

tendency for group discussions to focus on information that all members share

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

group polarization

A

tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

groupthink

A

tendency for groups to believe one idea to have interpersonal harmony
- reluctant to create conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

deindividuation

A

a phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less concerned with their personal values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

tendency of individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bystander intervention

A

the act of helping a stranger in an emergency situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bystanders and responsibility

A

the fewer bystanders, the more morally responsible the person feels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

altruism

A

intentional behavior that benefits another at a potential cost to oneself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

kin selection

A

the process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

behavior that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mere exposure effect

A

tendency for liking of a stimulus to increase with the frequency of exposure to that stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

beauty standards

A
  • body shape
  • symmetry
  • age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why is similarity attractive?

A
  1. easily agree
  2. share attitudes and beliefs
  3. we like being liked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

passionate love

A

an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

companionate love

A

an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner’s wellbeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

social cognition

A

the process by which people come to understand others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stereotyping

A

beliefs or cognitions that we have about other groups or people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

properties that make stereotyping a subject to misuse

A
  1. inaccuracy
  2. overused when variability is high
  3. tend to be self-perpetuating
  4. unconscious and automatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
perceptual confirmation
tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
26
behavioral confirmation
tendency of targets to behave as observers expect them to behave
27
stereotype threat
the target's fear of confirming to the observer's negative stereotype
28
attributions
how we determine the causes behind others' behaviors
29
situational attribution
when we decide a person's behavior was caused by a temporary situation
30
dispositional attribution
when we decide a person's behavior was caused by a relatively enduring tendency to think, feel, or art in a certain way
31
fundamental attribution error/correspondence bias
tendency to make a dispositional attribution when we should instead make a situational attribution
32
actor observer effect
tendency for individuals for external attributions for our own behavior but internal attributions for others behavior
33
social influence
ability to change or direct another person's behavior
34
three motivations that underlie social influence
1. hedonic motive 2. approval motive 3. accuracy motive
35
hedonic motive
motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
36
approval motive
motivated to be accepted and to avoid rejection
37
accuracy motive
motivated to believe what is right and avoid believing what is wrong
38
overjustification effect
occurs when a reward decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a behavior
39
reactance
an unpleasant feeling that arises when people feel they are being coerced into
40
norms
customary standards for behavior that are shared by members of a culture
41
norm of reciprocity
the unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them
42
normative influence
a phenomenon in which another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate
43
conformity
tendency to do what others do
44
obedience
tendency to do what authorities tell us to do
45
attitude
an enduring positive or negative evaluation of a stimulus
46
belief
an enduring piece of knowledge about a stimulus
47
informational influence
occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is good or true
48
foot-in-the-door technique
involves making a small request and then following with a larger request
49
cognitive dissonance
an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of their action, attitudes, or beliefs
50
Festinger and Carlsmith
studied cognitive dissonance - people who were given $1 for research said it was interesting while others said it was not
51
self perception theory
shaping out beliefs based on our actions
52
cognitive consistency
we are motivated towards consistency
53
primacy effect
relying too heavily on the first traits of a person you receive and neglecting any subsequent traits you learn
54
why does primacy effect occur?
schemas - fits newer attributes into existing idea confirmation bias
55
confirmation bias
paying attention to data that supports our beliefs and ignoring information that doesn't
56
self-fulfilling prophecy
someone expecting something, and the person's resulting behaviors align to fulfill the belief
57
social comparison
we make judgements about ourselves by comparing ourselves to other people - Leon Fesinger
58
impression management
a conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event
59
flattery
the act of giving excessive compliments, generally for the purpose of ingratiating oneself with the subject
60
Kelley's Covariation model
an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why we and other people behave in a certain way
61
3 Factors to the Covariation model
1. consensus 2. distinctiveness 3. consistency
62
consensus
what are other people doing in a given situation - low -> internal - high -> external
63
distinctiveness
behavior across different situations - low -> internal (multiple situations) - high -> external (one situation)
64
consistency
behavior over time in the same situation - high -> internal or external (could be personality or situational) - low -> external (situational)
65
Jones and Harris
studied fundamental attribution error/correspondence bias - student that gave speech pro Castro was seen as a communist sympathizer although they were instructed to do so
66
self-serving bias
tendency to make internal attribution during success and external attribution for failure
67
just-world hypothesis
what happens to someone is internal rather than external
68
compliance
a person's modification of behavior in response to a request by another person
69
factors that effect confirmity
- group size - group cohesiveness - self-esteem - social status - culture - appearance of unanimity
70
group size
the bigger the group, the more likely to comply
71
group cohesiveness
when everyone feels apart of the group - less cohesive group, less pressure to go along with them
72
self esteem
people with low self-esteem are more likely to conform
73
social status
people with an average level of social standing have more pressure to conform
74
culture
collectivists are more likely to conform
75
appearance of unanimity
if one person goes against the group, that frees up internal pressure to go along with the group
76
what factors increased obedience in Milgram’s study
- being in the same room as subject - subject has authoritarian personality - learner is in a different location from subject - research is conducted at a prestigious university - clothing
77
tactics for complaince
- tactics based on commitment or consistency - tactics based on reciprocity - tactics based on scarcity
78
tactics based on commitment or consistency
- foot in the door - low ball technique
79
low-ball technique
once you have made a commitment, you are less likely to back out
80
tactics based on reciprocity
door in the face
81
door-in-the-face
big request, then make a small request
82
tactics based on scarcity
- hard to get - fast approaching deadline - justification
83
hard to get
rarity makes it more attractive
84
fast-approaching deadline
when deal is limited, you are more likely to comply
85
justification
giving a reason results in more compliance
86
pro-social behavior
helping behavior
87
reciprocal liking
we like people who like us
88
social facilitation
the improvement in performance that comes when there are other people around us - pushes arousal towards optimal level
89
social inhibition/impairment
when the presence of other people leads to a decrease in performance - pushes arousal past level of optimal arousal
90
social loafing
the tendency to put less effort into work when working in a group
91
illusion of out group homogeneity
people in other groups are seen as all being alike

Psych 202 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions