Chapter 14/15: Psychological Disorders and Treatments

Question 1

diathesis-stress model

Answer 1

a person may be predisposed to a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
- diathesis -> internal predisposition
- stress -> external trigger

Question 2

Psychotherapy

Answer 2

a form of treatments where a trained professional employs psychological techniques

Question 3

types of psychotherapy

Answer 3

• insight therapy
• behavior therapy
• eclectic psychotherapy

Question 4

insight therapy

Answer 4

helps person understand causes of behavior

Question 5

behavior therapy

Answer 5

disordered behavior that is learned and focuses on turning maladaptive behavior into constructive behaviors

Question 6

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 6

explores childhood events to develop insight and catharsis for problem

Question 7

psychoanalysis

Answer 7

allow individuals to bring repressed conflicts into consciousness

Question 8

free association

Answer 8

person talks about whatever comes to mind

Question 9

resistance

Answer 9

identifying avoidance topics

Question 10

transference

Answer 10

feelings that the person would develop towards analyst

Question 11

person-centered therapy

Answer 11

assumes individuals have tendency towards growth which can be facilitated by acceptance from therapist

Question 12

traits of person-centered therapy

Answer 12

• congruence
• empathy
• unconditional positive regard

Question 13

congruence

Answer 13

openness and honesty

Question 14

unconditional positive regard

Answer 14

nonjudgmental, warm, and accepting environment

Question 15

types of behavior therapies

Answer 15

classical conditioning, operant conditioning

Question 16

classical conditioning

Answer 16

aims to counter condition behavior
- systematic desensitization
- aversion therapy

Question 17

operant conditioning

Answer 17

uses punishments and rewards to change behavior
- token economies
- flooding
- social learning

Question 18

cognitive therapies

Answer 18

focus on helping client identify and correct distorted thinking about self, others, or the world around them

Question 19

reconstructive memory

Answer 19

client’s motivation to get well causes error in memory for the original symptoms

Question 20

Iatrogenic illness

Answer 20

a disorder/symptom that occurs because of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment itself

Question 21

Lewinsohn’s reinforcement theory

Answer 21

a behavioral explanation of depression which believes that a failure to elicit reinforcement from social world causes depression

Question 22

learned helplessness model

Answer 22

a cognitive explanation of depression which believes individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global
- Seligman and Abramson

Question 23

What is the best treatment for depression?

Answer 23

cognitive therapy

Question 24

Beck’s cognitive triad

Answer 24

a cognitive explanation of depression which believes individual that are depressed have negative views about the world, future, and themselves

Question 25

panic disorder

Answer 25

sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

Question 26

specific phobia

Answer 26

an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that interferes with an individual’s ability to function

Question 27

social phobia

Answer 27

an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

Question 28

agoraphobia

Answer 28

afraid of going out in public because they are worried about having a panic attack