Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychological Science

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

try to understand the structure of the human mind

Question 2

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

Answer 2

the father of psychology and a structualist

Question 3

introspection

Answer 3

reflecting on your experiences

Question 4

Who was Edward Tichener?

Answer 4

a student at Wundt’s lab and a structuralist

Question 5

Functionlism

Answer 5

the study of the function of the mind

Question 6

Who was William James?

Answer 6

Father of American psychology and a functionalist
used introspection to learn about the function of the mind

Question 7

hysteria

Answer 7

a loss of function that has no obvious physical origin

Question 8

unconscious

Answer 8

the part of the mind that contains information of which people are not aware

Question 9

psychoanalysis theory

Answer 9

emphasizes the influence of the unconscious on feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

founder of psychoanalysis

Question 11

behaviorism

Answer 11

an approach to psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behavior

Question 12

principle of reinforcement

Answer 12

any behavior that is rewarded will be repeated and any behavior that isn’t won’t

Question 13

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 13

noticed dogs start salivating when presented with food
pioneered the study of learning

Question 14

John Broadus Watson

Answer 14

founder of behaviorism

Question 15

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Answer 15

discovered principle of reinforcement and a behaviorist

Question 16

Gestalt psychology

Answer 16

an approach to psychology that emphasized the way in which the mind creates perceptual experience

Question 17

Sir Frederic Bartlett

Answer 17

studied how biases affect our memory
discovered that people often remember what they expect rather than what actually happened

Question 18

Developmental psychology

Answer 18

the study of the ways in which psychological phenomena change over the life span

Question 19

Max Wertheimer

Answer 19

founder of Gestalt psychology and studied how people perceived motion

Question 20

Jean Piaget

Answer 20

studied mind of children and examined their mistakes

Question 21

social psychology

Answer 21

the study of causes and consequences of sociality

Question 22

Kurt Lewin

Answer 22

father of social psychology

Question 23

Solomon Asch

Answer 23

discovered that listing out good traits gave people a better impression of the person they were describing

Question 24

cognitive psychology

Answer 24

the study of human information processing

Question 25

evolutionary psychology

Answer 25

the study of ways in which the human mind has been shaped by natural selection

Question 26

John Garcia

Answer 26

studied how rats react to radiation sickness

Question 27

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 27

the study of the relationship between the brain and the mind

Question 28

Behavioral neuroscience

Answer 28

the study of the relationship between the brain and the behavior

Question 29

cultural psychology

Answer 29

the study of how culture influences mental life

Question 30

adaptations

Answer 30

inherited solutions that have been naturally selected because they contribute to reproductive success

Question 31

Kenneth and Mamie Clark

Answer 31

studied racial biases
doll research