Oefententamen andere wg Flashcards
- Which of the following statements is/are true?
1) Extraversion and conscientiousness are the personality traits that have generally yielded the highest correlations with leadership outcomes.
2) Narcissism and neuroticism are the only personality traits with negative correlations with leadership effectiveness.
Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
Extra info: extraversion (.12-.32) / conscientiousness (.16-.33), narcissism (.03-.016), neuroticism (-.08, -.24) chapter 2, p. 34.
- Which statement about leadership categories is false?
A. Leadership categories on an individual level are relatively stable for at least one year.
B. There is a high similarity in prediction of leadership outcomes, between young children and adults.
C. Maternal and paternal characteristics do not influence the development of leadership categories.
D. Leadership categories of children become more abstract and elaborated when they grow older.
C. Maternal and paternal characteristics do not influence the development of leadership categories.
Extra info: chapter 4, p.96, kids described characteristics of mother / father and leaders, this overlapped, so image of parents influences their ideal leader image.
- The _____ model of leadership attributes and outcomes states that distal sets, being _____, of attributes act as predictors of proximal sets, being _____, of attributes which mediate the effects of distal attributes on leadership outcomes.
A. Multistage, traits you can learn, traits that are stable
B. Multistage, traits that are stable, traits you can learn
C. Variable/Multi-Attribute, traits you can learn, traits that are stable
D. Variable/Multi-Attribute, traits that are stable, traits you can learn
B. Multistage, traits that are stable, traits you can learn
Extra info: multistage models look how the effect of leader attributes on leadership outcomes are mediated by follower or leader behavior (which can be learned / change; example: effect of emotional intelligence on leadership outcomes, mediated through transformational leadership behavior). Chapter 2, P.37
- Which of the following statements is, according to Van Vugt, Johnson, et al. 2008, true about the emergence of leadership in ancestral small scale-societies?
- In ancestral environments leadership was personal, informal and consensual
- In ancestral environment leadership was enforced with aggression.
Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false
Extra info: chapter 8, p. 209
- What is the Leader Centric Model?
A. A model that emphasize systematic variance due to the leader.
B. A model that emphasize systematic variance due to followers.
C. A model that depicts how the group prototype is utilized to form leadership impressions.
D. A model that proposes how a context-specific leader category is generated.
A. A model that emphasize systematic variance due to the leader.
Extra info: chapter 4, p. 85.
- The _______ suggest that humans use and attend to cues in the environment, encoding only the most relevant to survival.
A. The Ecological Model of Social Perception
B. Brunswik’s Lens Model
C. The Realistic Accuracy Model
D. The Dynamic Interactive Theory of Person Construal
Extra info: chapter 9, 226
A. The Ecological Model of Social Perception
- Are the following statements true or false?
1) There have been found slight sex differences in leadership categories; men’s leader prototypes appears to include traits as domineering and pushy, whereas women’s prototype includes traits such as interpersonal sensitivity.
2) There have been found slight cultural differences in leadership categories, for instance differences in opinions about how to react to abusive leaders.
Extra info: chapter 4, p. 93/94
Both statements are true
- What is according to the path-goal theory of Robert House (1971) the primary function of leadership in ancestral humans?
A. To provide resources, for example food, for the group
B. When group coordination becomes more complex, leaders will be chosen by the group to make the key decisions
C. Leaders clarify the path to help their followers to get from where they are to where they want to be, as easy as possible
D. During times of war, leaders will protect the group against threats that can be harmful for the group
Extra info: Chapter 8, page 195
C. Leaders clarify the path to help their followers to get from where they are to where they want to be, as easy as possible
- According to Judge & Long (2012) high levels of extraversion can also have negative effects in leadership such as:
A. High impulsiveness B. Exploitive leadership C. Extreme optimism D. Heavy risk taking Extra info: chapter 2, p.45, example of curvilinear model of leadership attributes.
A. High impulsiveness
- What is the three-level structure of leader category?
A. nonleaders, leaders, subordinate
B. nonleaders, superodinate, basic
C. superordinate, basic, subordinate
D. superordinate, subordinate, basic
C. superordinate, basic, subordinate
Extra info: chapter 4, p. 92. Superordinate: broadest and most abstract representation of leaders, contains those features that are generally common to most leaders and that overlap little with contrasting categories (nonleaders). Basic: incorporates context, 11 level distinguished, such as finance, education, sports, national / world politics etc. Subordinate: leader categories are further differentiated, providing highly nuanced understanding of leadership (bv. Male / female distinction).
- Which of the following statements are true/false?
- The evolutionary leadership theory assumes that leadership emerged as a simple coordination mechanism among group-living species.
- A recent study revealed that over 50% of the variation in leadership emergence behaviors is explained by genetic factors.
Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
Extra info: chapter 8, p. 195/196, functions of leadership, p. 203 genetic factors, 40% of variation in leadership emergence behaviors is explained by genetic factors, p. 206, 25% of variance in leadership emergence is due to heritable differences in personality.
12. Which model describes the following statement: Three or more attributes are combined into a leader profile predicting leader behaviors and leadership effectiveness . A. Variable model B. Pattern model C. Multistage model D. Complex pattern model
Chapter 2, P. from 40
D. Complex pattern model
- Which of the following statements are true?
- With the recognition-based pathway, people base their judgment of a leader on the fit between one’s own leadership category and the features of the leader.
- With inference-based application of leadership category followers find a leaders traits more important than the results he books.
B. 1 is true, 2 is false
Extra info: chapter 4, p. 97 (recognition pathway), p. 99 inference pathway: to what extent the leader is relevant for meeting the group goals.
- According to the Evolutionary Leadership Theory (EvoL theory), there is a mismatch, suggesting that:
A. there is a mismatch between our view of a leader and the leaders we choose
B. there is a mismatch between our evolved leadership and the challenges of modern environments.
C. there is a mismatch between our challenges of the modern environments and leaders right now
D. there is a mismatch between the followers and the chosen leader
Extra info: chapter 8, p. 208
B. there is a mismatch between our evolved leadership and the challenges of modern environments.
- Which of the following statements are true/false regarding Evol theory?
1) Males and Females do not differ in their chances of becoming leaders.
2) People with the dark triad characteristics have always been more likely to become leaders.
Statement 2 is true; Statement 1 is false
Extra info: chapter 8, p. 209, male leadership was the norm in small-scale human societies, as leadership is often a matter of physical strength, now mismatch, especially because woman are better with communication / empathy.
Dark triad: narcissistic, Machiavellian, psychopathic, now more chosen because there is less monitoring in big organizations and these attributes may come across as charming, competent and inspiring.
