HC 1: Leader Traits Flashcards
What is leadership?
Leadership is a formal or informal contextually rooted and goal-influancing process that occurs between a leader and a follower, groups of followers, or institutions
The Great Man Theory
Great leaders:
- have certain characteristics/traits not found in the rest of the population
- are not made but born with unique attributes
What are the 6 key attribute categories that were justified by linking them to functional performance requirements that are part of most leadership positions?
Key attribute categories associated with leadership 1)emergence
2) and performance
- Cognitive
- Social
- Personality
- Motives
- Self-beliefs
- Knowledge and Skills
E.g. Cognitive abilities required: reasoning, problem solving, divergent thinking, ability to handle cognitive complexity, being cognitively flexible
Personality level: several personality traits contribute to the accomplishment of cognitive performance
tolerance for ambiguity, openness to experience, emotional stability and conscientiousness
Managing followers and units in accordance with set direction represents another key leader performance requirement. What does this function include?
This function includes activities such as hiring and training subordinates, staffing teams, matching subordinate skills to task requirements, motivating others, resolving conflicts, negotiating with and persuading others, and representing units and organizations to external stakeholders.
Managing followers and units in accordance with set direction represents another key leader performance requirement (e.g. hiring, training, staffing, motivating).
Which Social Capacities are facilitated by the accomplishment of these functions?
Social Capacities such as social intelligence, self-monitoring, and skills in perspective-taking, communication, persuasion, negotiation, and conflict management.
Managing followers and units in accordance with set direction represents another key leader performance requirement (e.g. hiring, training, staffing, motivating).
Which Personality Traits are facilitated by the accomplishment of these functions?
Personality traits such as extraversion, sociability, and agreeableness help orient the leader toward engaging in social interactions and navigating them successfully.
Leadership work is often tough and demanding, especially at higher organizational levels. It often requires attendance to many demands, an unrelenting pace, and the exertion of power.
Accordingly, Zaccaro et al. (2013) argued that a number of self-motivational or self-management attributes such as … (5) to accomplish leader performance requirements.
- motivation to lead,
- dominance,
- need for power,
- achievement motivation, and
- high energy are necessary to accomplish leader performance requirements.
Variable-Multi-Attribute Theory
The effects of linear combinations of multiple variables on leadership outcomes
Variable models of leader attributes are those that focus on how individual variables explain unique variance in leader emergence and leadership effectiveness. They noted that such an approach “conceptualizes the person as a summation of variables.
Multistage Theory
Distal sets of attributes act as predictors of more
proximal sets of attributes which mediate the effects of distal attributes on leadership outcomes
Variable/Multi- Attribute: The effects of linear combinations of multiple variables on leadership outcomes:
Bakker-Pieper & De Vries (2013)
vs.
Troth & Geytvey (2014)
Bakker-Pieper & De Vries (2013):
Set of social and personality attributes correlated .77 with leader performance
Troth & Geytvey (2014):
Social, motivational and cognitive abilities correlated .74 with leadership potential
Variable/Multi- Attribute: The effects of linear combinations of multiple variables on leadership outcomes:
Zaccaro et al. (2013) argued that the specification of multivariate or multi-attribute models ….
Zaccaro et al. (2013) argued that the specification of multivariate or multi-attribute models should be grounded in the leader performance requirements in which leadership outcomes are a collective function of cognitive, personality, motivational, skill-based, and knowledge sets of attributes.
Multistage Model:
Distal Traits
Distal traits
Relatively stable and resistant to short-term developmental
change.
Multistage Model:
Proximal Traits
Proximal traits
More malleable and will change as a function of training and experience.
Multistage Model:
Mediate
Mediate
Identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as amediator
Pattern models ofprediction of leadership behaviour /outcomes
- minimal pattern model: interaction of 2 or more variables
- Complex pattern model: 3 of more traits combined in leadership profile
