HC 7: Social Perception and Cognition Flashcards
Mental representations
Basic units of socio-cognitive processing. They broadly constitute the idea and thoughts people have about eachother.
Hiërarchically organized
No complexity limit
Schemas-networks
A network of features, traits and attributes acquired over time
The three stage process of social perception
- Categorization
- Refined Inference (conclusie)
- Contextual factors
Perception begins by encoding the basic features of a stimulus. In the case of social stimuli, these features originate in static and dynamic cues consciously
or nonconsciously expressed by a person
3 stage process: Categorization
People categorize each other in groups
3 stage process: Refined Inference
The initial categorization is translated into a more refined inference (conclusie) about what an individual may be like
3 stage process: Contextual factors
Evaluation of circumstances and situational variables surrounding the person perceived, making adjustments to their inference (conclusie)
Theoretical models of social perception of leadership
- The ecological model of social perception
- Brunswik’s Lens model
- The realistic accuracy model
- The dynamic interactive model of person construal
- Leadership categorization theory 1
- Leadership categorization theory 2
The ecological model of social perception (4)
- Perception serves a SURVIVAL-enhancing purpose
- Information is revealed through DYNAMIC events
- Information permits AFFORDANCES (adaptations)
- Perceivers ATTUNE to affordances
The mind will principally attend to social cues that afford survival-enhancing information.
These cues will then be encoded and stored as mental representations that one may later generalize across situations
Accordingly, the mind not only extracts information based on one’s current motivations, but also learns associations that help organize the social world more broadly.
Brunswik’s lens model (3)
- Cue utility = cues that people use
- Cue validity = cues targets actually display
- inference is probablistic
Brunswik’s Lens Model attempts to explain how people accurately infer social information by addressing
the valid cues that targets send, and how perceivers may or may not use them
For example, individuals send multiple cues into the world signaling whether they are introverted or extraverted. Perceivers may then attend to the cues that they believe communicate extra version
(e.g., assertiveness, expressiveness, positive affect) and use them to infer the trait
Perceivers’ accuracy there fore depends on whether they use valid cues when making inferences.
At the same time, the cues that each perceiver uses depend on that person’s previous interaction with extraverted individuals.
The realistic accuracy model (4)
- Relevance
- Availability
- Detection
- Utilization
A sequential stage process that integrates the adaptive function of the ecological model with the accuracy measurement of the lens model across four stages:
- Cues must be relevant to perceivers
- Cues must be available to perceivers
- Perceiver must detect the cue
- Perceiver must use the cue
The dynamic interactive model of person construal (3)
- Mental Models
- Patterns of Activation or Inhibition lead to persons construal
- People aggregate lower-level features and higher order cognitions to arrive at STABLE representations
Schemata become activated or inhibited once the mind has aggregated its intake of information about a person.
The mind continues to perform this task iteratively to integrate new information (confirmation or contradiction)
Therefore is social cognition dynamic
Leadership categorization 1 (5)
People’s implicit theories form leadership prototypes which result in leadership perception and facilitate leaders’ emergence
- People posses implicit leadership theories
- Implicit leadership theories form a leadership schema
- Leadership schemata give rise to leadership prototypes
- If a stimulus matches the leadership prototype, leadership perception occurs
- The person is selected as a leader
Leadership categorization 2 (5)
People’s implicit theories interconnect to form leadership prototypes which trigger perceptions of leadership and facilitate the emergence of leaders.
- People posses implicit leadership theories
- Implicit leadership theories are organized as a network
- The network gives rise to leadership prototype
- If a stimulus matches the prototype leadership perception occurs
- The person is selected as a leader
Physical features and leadership perception
Domminance Formidability Height Masculinity Wide mouth Facial width to height ratio (FWH)
Possitive non physical features and leadership perception
Inteligence
Competition related traits (agency, power)
Cooperation related traits (communion, warmth, trustable)
