ochem chapter 2

Question 1

iosmers

Answer 1

are chemical compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in structure- that is, in their atomic connectivity, or the spatial orientation of their atoms

Question 2

structural isomers

Answer 2

are compounds that share only their molecular formula. Because their connectivities may be completely different, they often have different chemical and physical properties (such as melting point, boiling point, solubility, etc)

Question 3

stereoisomers

Answer 3

are compounds that differ from each other only in the way that their atoms are oriented in space.

Question 4

geometric isomers

Answer 4

are compounds that differ in the position of substituents attached to a double bond

Question 5

cis

Answer 5

if two substituents are on the same side of the double bond

Question 6

trans

Answer 6

if they are on opposite sides of the double bond

Question 7

Z

Answer 7

if the two highest priority substituents on each carbon lie on the same side of the double bond

Question 8

E

Answer 8

if they are on opposite sides

Question 9

chiral

Answer 9

an object that is not superimposible upon its mirror image

Question 10

achiral

Answer 10

are mirror images that can be superimposed

Question 11

enantiomers

Answer 11

chiral objects that are non-superimposable mirror imaages

Question 12

configuration

Answer 12

is the spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a stereoisomer

Question 13

relative configuration

Answer 13

of a chiral molecule is its configuration in relation to another chrial molecule

Question 14

absolute configuration

Answer 14

of a chiral molecule describes the spatial arrangement of these atoms or groups

Question 15

racemic mixture

Answer 15

is a mixture of equal concentrations of both the (+) or (-) enantiomers. The rotations cancel each other and no optical activity is observed

Question 16

polarizer

Answer 16

allows light waves oscillating only in a particular direction to pass, producing plane-polarized light

Question 17

conformational isomers

Answer 17

are compounds that differ only by rotation about one or more single bonds