Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCAT > biology chapter 14 > Flashcards

biology chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

ecology

A

is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

abiotic

A

physical environment which includes climate, temperature, availability of ight and water and the local topology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

biotic

A

all living things which directly or indirectly influence the life of the organism including the relationships that exist between organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

organism

A

is the individual unit of an ecological system, but the organism itself is composed of smaller units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

population

A

is a group of organisms of the same species living together in a given location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

species

A

is any group of similar organisms that are capable of reproducing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

community

A

consists of populations of different plants and animal species interacting with each other in a given environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ecosystem

A

encompasses the interaction between living biotic communities and the non living environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

biosphere

A

includes all portions of the planet which support life– the atmosphere, the lithosphere (rock and soil surface) and the hydrosphere (the oceans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

water

A

is the major component of the internal environment of all living things. May be readily available or the organism may possess adaptations for storage and conservation of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

temperature

A

must be maintained at an optimal level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sunlight

A

is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

photic zone

A

the top layer through which light can penetrate & where all aquatic photosynthetic activity takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aphotic zone

A

only animal life and other life that does not require photosynthesis exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

substratum

A

determines the nature of plant and animal life in the soil. Soil is affected by acidity, texture, minerals, and humus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

texture

A

determine the water holding capacity of the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

loams

A

contain high percentages of each type of soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

minerals

A

affect the type of vegetation that can be supported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

humus quantity

A

determined by the amount of decaying plant and animal life in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

niche

A

defines the functional role of an organism in its ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

habitat

A

is the physical place where an organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

extinction

A

one species may be competitively superior to the other and drive the second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

autotrophs

A

are organisms that manufacture their own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

heterotrophs

A

cannot synthesize their own food and must depend upon autotrophs or other heterotrophs in the ecosystem to obtain food and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

herbivores

A

are animals that consume only plants or plant foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

symbiotic bacteria

A

capable of digesting cellulose inhabit the digestive tracts of herbivores and allow the breakdown and utilization of cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

carnivores

A

are animals which only eat other animals. Possess pointed teeth and fang like canine teeth for tearing flesh. They have shorter digestive tracts due to the easier digestibility of animal food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

omnivores

A

are animals which eat both plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

integrated system

A

which are dependent upon one another for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

obligatory

A

one or both organisms cannot survive without the other

33
Q

commensalism

A

one organism is benefited by the association and the other is not affected. The host neither discourages nor fosters the relationship

34
Q

mutualism

A

a symbiotic relationship from which both organisms derive some benefit

35
Q

parasitism

A

benefits at the expense of the host. Flourishes among organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and animals

36
Q

ectoparasites

A

some parasites cling to the exterior surface of the host using suckers or clamps

37
Q

endoparasites

A

live within the host

38
Q

predators

A

are free living organisms which feed on other living organisms

39
Q

saprophytism

A

include those protists and fungi that decompose (digest) dead organic matter externally and absorb the nutrients; they constitute a vital link in the cycling of material within the ecosystem

40
Q

scavengers

A

are animals which consume dead animals. Require no adaptations for hunting and killing their prey

41
Q

interspecific

A

relations between species

42
Q

osmoregulation

A

animals have developed many adaptations for maintaining their internal osmolarity and conserving water

43
Q

salt water fish

A

live in a hyperosmotic environment which causes them to lose water and take in salt. They are constantly in danger of dehydration and must compensate by constant drinking and active excretion of salt across their gills

44
Q

freshwater fish

A

live in a hypoosmotic environment which causes intake of excess water and excessive salt loss. These fish correct this condition by seldom drinking, absorbing salts through the gills and excreting dilute urine

45
Q

poikilothermic

A

cold blooded and most of their heat escapes to the environment

46
Q

homeothermic

A

are warm blooded.

47
Q

producers

A

they utilize the energy of the sun and simple raw materials (carbon dioxide, water, minerals) to manufacture carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Always form the initial step in any food chain

48
Q

primary consumers

A

are animals which consume green plants (herbivores)

49
Q

secondary consumers

A

are animals that consume the primary consumer (carnivores)

50
Q

tertiary consumers

A

these are animls that feed on secondary consumers

51
Q

decomposers

A

include saprophytic organisms and organisms of decay (which include bacteria and fungi).

52
Q

pyramid of energy

A

each member of a food chain utilizes some of the energy it obtains from its food for its own metabolism (life functions) and loses some additional energy in the form of heat

53
Q

pyramid of mass

A

since organisms at the upper levels of the food chain derive their food energy from organisms at lower levels, and since energy is lost from one level to the next, each level can support a successively smaller biomass

54
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

consumer organisms that are higher in the food chain are usually larger and heavier than those further down. Since the lower organisms have a greater total mass, there must be a greater number of lower level organisms

55
Q

material cycles

A

material is cycled and recycled between organisms and their environment, passing from inorganic forms to organic forms and then back to the inorganic forms

56
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

since there is a finite amount of nitrogen on the earth, it is important that it be recovered and reused

57
Q

climax community

A

is the stable, living (biotic) part of te ecosystem described above in which populations exist in balance with each other and with the environment. They type of climax community depends upon all the abiotic factors: rainfall, soil conditions, temperatures, shade, etc.

58
Q

ecological succession

A

is the orderly process by which one biotic community replaces or succeeds another until a climax community is established

59
Q

sere

A

each community stage

60
Q

dominant species

A

the one that exerts control over the other species that are present

61
Q

physical factors

A

temperature, nature of the soil, rainfall, etc

62
Q

climax vegetation

A

is the vegetation that becomes dominant and stable after years of evolutionary development

63
Q

desert biome

A

receive less than ten inches of rain each year. Growing season in the desert is restricted to those days after rainfalls. Most desert plants conserve water actively. Desert animals live in burrows.

64
Q

grassland biome

A

grasslands are characterized by a low rainfall. Provide no shelter for herbivorous mammals from carnivorous predators.

65
Q

tropical rain forest biome

A

rain forests are “jungles” characterized by high temperatures and torrential rains. Trees grow closely together; sunlight hardly reaches the forest floor.

66
Q

temperate deciduous forest biome

A

have cold winters, warm summers and a moderate rainfall.

67
Q

temperate coniferous forest biome

A

these forests are cold, dry, and inhabited by fir, pine , and spruce trees. Much of the vegetation has evolved adaptations for water conservation such as needle-shaped leaves

68
Q

taiga biome

A

receive less rainfall than the temperate forests, have long cold winters, and are inhabited by a single coniferous tree-the spruce

69
Q

tundra biome

A

the tundra is a treeless, frozen plain found between the taiga lands and the Northern ice-sheets. There is only a very short summer and, thus, a very short growing season during which time the ground becomes wet and marshy

70
Q

polar region

A

the polar region is a frozen area with no vegetation and terrestrial animals. Animals that do inhabit polar regions generally live near the polar oceans

71
Q

marine biomes

A

contain a relatively constant amount of nutrient materials and dissolved salts

72
Q

intertidal zone

A

region exposed at low tides which undergoes variations in temperature and periods of dryness. Populations in the intertidal zones include algae, sponges, clams, snails, sea urchins, starfish, and crabs

73
Q

littoral zone

A

region on the continental shelf which contains ocean area with depths up to 600 feet and extends several hundred miles from the shores. Populations in littoral zone regions include algae, crabs, crustacea, and many different species of fish

74
Q

pelagic zone

A

is typical of the open seas and can be divided into photic and aphotic zones

75
Q

photic zone

A

the sunlit layer of the open sea extending to a depth of 250-600 feet. It contains plankton; passively drifting masses of microscopic photosynthetic and heterotrophic organisms, and nekton; active swimmers such as fish, sharks, or whales which feed on plankton and smaller fish. the chief autotroph is the diatom, an algae

76
Q

aphotic zone

A

the region beneath the photic zone which recieves no sunlight. There is no photosynthesis in the aphotic zone and only heterotrophs exist here. Deep sea organisms in this zone have adaptations enabling them to survive in very cold water, with high pressures, and complete darkness. the zone contains nekton and benthos (the crawling and sessile organisms). some are scavengers and some are predators. the habitat of the aphotic zone is fiercely competitive

PCAT (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions